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53 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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pre-load
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volume of blood to be pushed out, the greater the pre-load, the greater the cardiac output
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valves are only applicable to
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superficial veins
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accessory heart
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refers to muscles bringing blood back to the heart
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to increase circulation back to the heart
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compression, elevation, musculature
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heart holds how much blood
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8%
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capillaries hold how much blood
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5-10%
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veins hold how much blood?
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50-60%
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aorta holds how much blood
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2%
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arteries hold how much blood
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15-20%
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greatest amount of veins
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soleus plexus
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afterload
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reach end of ventricular contraction, is the pressure on the other side of the aortic valve that is applied against ventricular contraction
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when aortic valve closes
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systole ends
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dicrotic notch
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marks the closure of the aortic valve, quick turbulence
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hypertrophy
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is the increase in the volume of an organ or tissue due to the enlargement of its component cells.
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anrep effect
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is an autoregulation method in which myocardial contractility increases with afterload
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pulse pressure
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systolic pressure- diastolic pressure
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mean atrial pressure
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1/3PP + DP
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chordae tendinae
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AKA heart strings
held by papillary muscles the contraction is pulling downwards to keep AV valves from billowing into the atria |
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papillary muscles contract when
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ventricles contract
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myocardial infarction
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heart attack
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infarction
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tissue death, point of death
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SA Node
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the hearts pacemaker
spontaneously depolarizes most rapidly and initiates heart beat |
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Is the heart capable of depolarizing itself
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yes
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Bundle of His/Interventricular Bundle
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helps get the message past the fibrous skeleton
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rate of atrial depolarizaton
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depolarize at the same time, the right is a little quicker
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AV Node
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where the 4 chambers meet, reeives the message from the SA Node, slight delay before sending message to the AV Bundle
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bundle branches
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one of which supplies each ventricle where they branch into purkinje fibers
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purkinje fibers
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reflect up external walls of the ventricles and stimulate contraction of cardiac muscle as a unit
also extend into papillary muscle |
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Depolarization Rate of SA Node
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60 BPM
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Depolarization Rate of Atrial
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55 BPM
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Depolarization Rate of Bundle of His
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50 BPM
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Depolarization Rate of Bundle Branches
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45 BPM
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Depolarization Rate of Purkinje Fibers
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40 BPM
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Depolarization Rate of ventricular muscle
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10-35 BPM
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normal heart rate
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60-100 BPM, referred to as a sinus rate
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sinus tachycardia
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heart rate in excess of 100 BPM
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sinus braclycardia
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heart rate lower than 60 BPM
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circus rythm
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PVC's, v-tahcs come from ectopic focus that tries to become the pacemake
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EKG
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registers small voltage changes caused by electrocardiac activity and thereby assess cardiac function
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P Wave
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atrial depolarization
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QRS Complex
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ventricular depolarization
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T wave
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ventricular repolarization
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depolarization of cardiac muscle
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can be picked up by skin electrodes
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PR Interval
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peak of P to peak of R
normal limit 0.12-0.2 |
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QRS interval
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from Q to S, normal limit 0.04-o.06 sec
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QT interval
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start of Q to start of T
normal limit 0.3-0.46 sec |
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first degree heart block
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elongated but consistent PR interval, suggest a delay in getting impulse from atria to ventricles
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2nd degree heart block
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AV block more profound, PR keeps elongating until a beat is skipped, then PR starts normally and begins to elongate. PR interval is consistent but there is more than one P-wave for every QRS complex
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3rd degree heart block
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no correlation of P waves with QRS. PR intervals are not consistent, atria and ventricles beat at their own rate
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atrial fibrilation
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multiple p waves, 200-300 BPM, ventricles may be paced as a result. Pulse is irregularly irregular
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premature ventricular contraction
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ectopic focus tries to become new pacemaker but creates a distrurbance in depolarization
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ventricular tachycardia
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run of PVC's, heart rate 120-200+ BPM, P waves are absent and T waves are followed by QRS complex
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ventricular fibriliation
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ventricular fibers contract individually with out any cooperative effort to produce cardiac output, heart looks like bag of worms, pulse is absent
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