Physio 2A Ch. 12 Nervous System Pt.1

Front 1

The study of the nervous system is called...

Back 1

neurobiology

Front 2

the Central Nervous system consists of..

Back 2

the brain and spinal cord

Front 3

The Peripheral Nervous system consists of...

Back 3

all the nervous system except the brain and spinal cord

Front 4

What two organ systems are dedicated to maintaining internal coordination?

Back 4

the Endocrine and Nervous systems

Front 5

this system communicates by means of chemical messengers (hormones) secreted into the blood.

Back 5

The Endocrine System

Front 6

This system employs electrical and chemical means to send messages very quickly

Back 6

The Nervous System

Front 7

The Nervous system employs ______ messages within cells and ______ between cells.

Back 7

Electrical messages within cells and Chemical between cells.

Front 8

_____is a knotlike swelling in a nerve where the cell bodies of neurons are concentrated

Back 8

Ganglion

Front 9

Division that carries sensory signals from various receptors to the CNS.

Back 9

Sensory (afferent) division

Front 10

Division that carries signals from receptors in the skin, muscles, bones and joints.

Back 10

somatic sensory division

Front 11

division that carries signals mainly from the viscera of the thoracic and abdominal cavities, such as the heart, lungs, stomach, and urinary bladder

Back 11

visceral sensory division

Front 12

division that carries signals from the CNS to gland and muscle cells that carry out the body's responses.

Back 12

motor (efferent) division

Front 13

cells and organs that respond to commands from the nervous system are called..

Back 13

effectors

Front 14

division that carries signals to the skeletal muscles and produces muscular contractions that are under voluntary control as well as involuntary muscle contractions called somatic reflexes.

Back 14

somatic motor division

Front 15

division that carries signals to glands, cardiac muscle, and smooth muscle. We usually have no voluntary control over these effectors, and this system operates at an unconscious level. The responses of this system and its effectors are visceral reflexes

Back 15

visceral motor division (autonomic nervous system)

Front 16

the two divisions of the visceral motor division or (autonomic nervous system) are...

Back 16

the sympathetic division and the parasympathetic division

Front 17

division that tends to arouse the body for action, for example, by accelerating the heartbeat and increasing respiratory airflow, but it inhibits digestion.

Back 17

sympathetic division

Front 18

division that tends to have a calming effect, slowing down the heartbeat for example, but stimulating digestion.

Back 18

parasympathetic division

Front 19

function that senses changes in the internal and external environment through sensory receptors.

Back 19

sensory function

Front 20

function that analyzes the sensory information, store some aspects, and make decisions regarding appropriate behaviors.

Back 20

integrative function

Front 21

function that responds to stimuli by initiating action.
Motor(efferent) neurons serve this function.

Back 21

Motor function

Front 22

Involuntary sensory & motor neurons control GI tract
Neurons function independently of ANS & CNS

Back 22

Enteric nervous system (ENS)

Front 23

Spinal Nerves =

Back 23

organs

Front 24

the communicative role of the nervous system is carried out by..

Back 24

nerve cells or neurons

Front 25

three fundamental physiological properties that enable neurons to communicate with other cells...

Back 25

excitability, conductivity, and secretion

Front 26

neurons respond to environmental changes called...

Back 26

stimuli

Front 27

neurons that are specialized to detect stimuli such as light, heat, pressure, and chemicals.

Back 27

Sensory (afferent) neurons

Front 28

neurons that lie entirely within the CNS. They receive signals from many other neurons and carry out the integrative function of the nervous system: they process, store, and retrieve info and make decisions that determine how the body responds to stimuli, about 90% of neurons are this type.

Back 28

interneurons

Front 29

these neurons send signals predominantly to muscle and gland cells, the effectors that carry out the body's responses to stimuli.

Back 29

Motor (efferent) neurons

Front 30

control center of the neuron is the...

Back 30

soma, neurosoma, cell body, or perikaryon.

Front 31

dense mesh of microtubules and these (which are bundles of actin filaments) which compartmentalize the rough ER into dark-staining regions.

Back 31

neurofibrils

Front 32

neurofibrils which compartmentalize rough ER into these dark-staining regions.

Back 32

Nissl bodies

Front 33

the primary site for receiving signals FROM OTHER NEURONS, named for their resemblance to the bare branches of a tree in winter.

Back 33

Dendrites

Front 34

mound on one side of the soma from which the axon originates.

Back 34

axonal hillock

Front 35

the cytoplasm of the axon is called...

Back 35

axoplasm

Front 36

nerve fiber...

Back 36

axon

Front 37

short section of nerve fiber between the axonal hillock and the first glial cell is called the...

Back 37

initial segment

Front 38

infrequent branches of the axon along its length

Back 38

axon collaterals

Front 39

The axonal hillock and initial segment together are called the..

Back 39

trigger zone

Front 40

the membrane of the axon is called the...

Back 40

axolemma

Front 41

extensive complex of fine branches at the distal end of an axon.

Back 41

terminal arborization

Front 42

each terminal arborization ends in a..

Back 42

synaptic knob (axon terminal)

Front 43

The synaptic knob (axon terminal) forms a junction with the next cell called a...

Back 43

synapse

Front 44

synaptic knobs (axon terminals) contain these..

Back 44

synaptic vesicles full of neurotransmitter

Front 45

most common type of neuron, as one axon and multiple dendrites; also the most common type in the CNS

Back 45

multipolar neuron

Front 46

second most common type of neuron; have only a single process leading away from the soma; T-shaped; carry sensory signals to the spinal cord.

Back 46

unipolar neuron

Front 47

type of glial cells that envelop nerve fibers of the PNS.

Back 47

Schwann cells

Front 48

an insulating layer around a nerve fiber.

Back 48

myelin sheath

Front 49

thick outermost coil of the Schwann cell.

Back 49

neurilemma

Front 50

Gaps between segments of myelin sheath in an axon are called...

Back 50

nodes of Ranvier

Front 51

the myelin covered segments from one gap to the next are called..

Back 51

internodes