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46 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Peaked P Wave
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Right Atrial Enlargement
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Biphasic P Wave
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Left Atrial Enlargement
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QRS-normal width
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Supraventricular
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QRS-wide width
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Ventricular
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Ventricular Fibrillation corrected w. Mg
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Torsad's
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Asystole
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Ventricular - Widened QRS before its flattens out...
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ST Depression w. normal enzymes
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Ischemia
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ST Depression w. elevated enzymes
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Subendocardial MI
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ST Elevation w. elevated enzymes
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Transmural MI
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Peaked T wave
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Hyperkalemia
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Biphasic T Wave
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Early stage of Ischemic change
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Inverted T Wave
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Ischemia sets in
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Flat T Wave
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Hypokalemia
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U Wave
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Hypokalemia
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1st Degree Heart Block
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PR Interval is prolonged
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2nd Degree Type 1 Heart Block
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after growing PR segment, a dropped QRS waveform
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3rd Degree Heart Block
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QRS dissociated from P waves - atria and ventricles have their own pace
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Regurgitation
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has a Backflow
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Stenosis
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has prolonged Filling time
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Inotrophy
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An agent that alters the force of muscular contraction
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(-) Inotropy
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Will weaken the contraction as in Ca2+-Channel BLockers, Hypocalcemia, Hypernatremia
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(+) Inotropy
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Strengthens the contraction as in hypercalcemia, glycosides, Hyponatremia
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Calcium release into the SR is triggered by receptors..
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Ryanodine (leaky calcium channel) and IP3
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What removes Calcium from the cell
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SERCA pump and Na+/Ca+2 exchanger
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Na+/K+ ATPase Inhibitor
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Glycosides
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Afterload on the Right side
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Pulmonary Artery Pressure
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Afterload on the Left side
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Aortic Pressure
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Angiogenesis Promoters
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ANGPT1, VEGF, FGF
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Angiogenesis Inhibitors
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ANGPT2, Endostatin, Angiostatin
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Normal HR
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<120/<80
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Pre-HTN
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120-139 / 80-89
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Stage 1 HTN
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140-159 / 90-99
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Stage 2 HTN
(emergent) |
>160 / >100
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Eupnea
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Normal Breathing
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Hyperpnea
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Increased Ventilation matching increased Metabolic demand
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Hyperventilation
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decreased CO2, increased pulmonary ventilation greater than metabolic demand
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Hypoventilation
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increased CO2, decreased pulmonary ventilation less than metabolic demand
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Tachypnea
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Increased frequency of respiration
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Apnea
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Absence of Breathing
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Dyspnea
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Difficulty or labored breathing
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Orthopnea
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Dyspnea when recumbant, relieved when upright
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Obstructive
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can't remove air from lungs
asthma, COPD, Bronchiectasis |
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Restrictive
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Cant take into the lungs, Fibrosis Muscle weakness, Edema
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Cheyne-Stoke Respiration
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In central sleep apnea and tachypnea, benign, gradual increases in and decreases in TV
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Kussmaul Breathing
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deep rapid breaths in metabolic acidosis and keto acidosis
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Peripheral Chemoreceptors
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In Carotid Body, primary response to Low PO2
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