Physio 5

Front 1

Thyrotropin; thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)

Back 1

- produced by anterior pituitary
- glycoprotein with α and
ß subunits, 28 kD
- Stimulates growth of thyroid gland, TH production and release
- stiumlates iodine uptake, iodination, pinocytosis of colloid

Front 2

Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)

Back 2

- produced by anterior pituitary
- glycoprotein with α and
ß subunits, 29 kD
- Stimulates ovarian follicle development / spermatogenesis
- gets sertoli cells (do spermogenesis)
- gets granulosa cells to convert androgens to estrogens
- inhibin inhibits (via AP)

Front 3

Luteinizing hormone
(LH)

Back 3

- produced by anterior pituitary
- glycoprotein with α and
ß subunits, 29 kD
- Causes ovulation and production corpus luteum / sex steroid synthesis
- gets leydig cells to make testosterone (testosterone inhibits via GnRH)
- gets thecal cells which make androgens

Front 4

Growth hormone (GH),
somatotropin

Back 4

- produced by anterior pituitary
- 191 amino acids, 22 kD
- Stimulates body growth, organ growth and regulates metabolism
- via stiumlating IGF-1 in liver and lipolysis, decresing glucose use
- GHRH increases, SS decreases
- IGF-1 increases SS and decreases GHRH

Front 5

Gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH)

Back 5

- 10 aa
- acts on gonadotrophs (LH and FSH)
- stimulatory
- pulsular (1 pulse/hr)
- works more on LH b/c FSH has other controling factors
- more as you mature

Front 6

Leydig cells

Back 6

- abundant in newborn's and post-pubertal and scattered in CT
- make testosterone via LH stimulation of cAMP -> cholestrol estrase -> testosterone
- testosterone receptors in sertoli cells and T->estradiol to do something in the s cells

Front 7

Sertoli Cells

Back 7

- surround semineferous tubules - do proliferation bustst in newborn and just before puberty
- FSH induces p450 acromatase activity to increase proliferation and binding protein production (to store androgens) - sperm count increases inhibin and decreases FSH

Front 8

follicular stages

Back 8

primordial - inactive
1o - single granulosa layer
2o - multiple granulosa layers and thecal cells
3o - more granuulosa and thecal
Preovulatory - full of follicular fluid
atretic -

Front 9

ovarian cycle

Back 9

- after 1o need Gn
- 3 wks to 2o
- to 3o right after menses
- advance stages need more LH and less FSH
- late stage - LH maintenance combined w/ granulosa making P causes high estrogens and + feedback -> FSH and LH surge -> ovulation
- luteal phase - CL increases 17-OH P which decreases FH and LSH

Front 10

endometrial cycle

Back 10

- start prolif on day 5 (secretory galnds, vacularization, cervix mucus)
- E causes P receptors in uterus
- when CL does 17-OH P, secretory phase (more vasc, less mucous)
- menstruation when E, P, FSH, LH decrease and spiral arteries constrict and BV rupture

Front 11

Thyroid Hormone

Back 11

- T3 and T4
- stimuate GH expression in somatotrophs and AP
- brain development timing
- reulate ox. phos.
- do (-) feedback on TSH by decreaseing TRH sensitvity and gene expressing of a and b for TSH
- 70% bound to liver glycoprotein, the rest bound to albumin
- 5' deoidinase does t4 -> T3

Front 12

parathyroid hormone

Back 12

- increase Ca and decrease Ph
- increases kidney resoption
- increases D3 sythesis
- increases osteocasts and inhibits osteoblasts
- increases GI uptake

Front 13

important D3 formation

Back 13

- D3 to 25-OH-D3 in liver
- 25-OH-D3 to 1,25(OH)2-D3 in kidney (active)
- it increase Ca binding protein in GI epi

Front 14

hCS

Back 14

- lactogen, incresas until term
- decrases maternal glucose consumption, increases fat metab
- helps w/ mammary cells

Front 15

DHEA-S

Back 15

- made in fetal andrenal gland
- converted to estradol and strone by sufatase in placenta
- converted to estriol (most imp) in fetal liver

Front 16

maternal changes in pregnancy

Back 16

- Increase E -> increase prolactin
- increase pitutary
- decreased LH and FSH
- total Ca decreases, but ionized increase b/c of PTH
- TH increases
- P increases fat along w/ GH, prolacin and hCS (decrease glucsoe, increase GN)