Physics- Work, Energy, Power

Front 1

the study of matter composition, properties and behavior at the atomic and molecular level is?

Back 1

chemistry

Front 2

the study of motion, matter and energy interaction is?

Back 2

physics
"the study of physics investigates the behavior of atoms and molecules that make up elements of matter"

Front 3

Physics is a fundamental science that uses ______ as its tool set.

Back 3

mathematics

Front 4

physics is based on the work of ______ who formulated three laws of motion.

Back 4

Isaac Newton

Front 5

Physics helps us understand the (3)?

Back 5

-regulation of gases
-the breathing process
-the flow of energy

Front 6

Work is measured in ____.

Back 6

joules

Front 7

what is the formula for WORK?

Back 7

work= force x distance

Front 8

if there is no ____ no work is done. if there is no ____ no work is done.

Back 8

force
distance moved

Front 9

A joule is defined as?

Back 9

when a force of 1 newton is acted over a displacement of 1 meter
-A force is 1 newton
-distance=1 meter
-1 joule= 1Nx m

Front 10

energy is the capacity to do ____?

Back 10

work

Front 11

energy is neither _____ nor ____ but can be converted to other kinds of energy.

Back 11

created nor destroyed

Front 12

Kinetic energy is the energy a mass has by being in _____?

Back 12

motion

Front 13

KE=

Back 13

KE= 1/2mv^2
(m=mass v=velocity)

Front 14

potential energy is energy that is being ____ by virtue of its position.

Back 14

stored
*ball of a ledge has more potential energy than a ball on the floor*

Front 15

_____ is the rate of doing work or the rate of expending energy.

Back 15

power

Front 16

Power=

Back 16

Power= work/unit of time

Front 17

Because work= force x distance we know...power=

Back 17

power= force x distance/ time

Front 18

The watt is a measure of ____

Back 18

power
- 1 watt= a joule/second

Front 19

Newtons First Law...?

Back 19

an object at rest or moving at a constant speed will continue in that state unless acted upon by external forces (stops b/c of resistance secondary to friction)

Front 20

Newtons Second Law...?

Back 20

Force is equal to mass times acceleration
F=ma
*you have to push harder to get a bigger object to move*

Front 21

Newtons Third Law?

Back 21

for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction.

Front 22

_____ is the study of energy and the conversion of energy from one form to another.

Back 22

thermodynamics

Front 23

Heat spontaneously flows from a hot body to a cold body when two bodies are brought into thermal contact is?

Back 23

second law of thermodynamics
*when you put a warm blanket on someone, the heat leaves the blanket to the person, not the cold leaving the person to the blanket*

Front 24

it is not possible to lower the temperature of an object to absolute zero is?

Back 24

the third law of thermodynamics

Front 25

____ is the sum of the kinetic and potential energy of the particles in a system.

Back 25

internal energy

Front 26

____ is the energy that is transferred as a result of a temperature difference.

Back 26

heat

Front 27

temperature of an ideal gas is proportional to the?

Back 27

average kinetic energy of the particles

Front 28

Heat loss is _____-from higher to lower concentration

Back 28

unidirectional (2nd law of thermodynamics)

Front 29

heat loss occurs in cool environments such as _________?

Back 29

operating rooms

Front 30

what are the two protective mechanisms of heat loss?

Back 30

-vasocontriction
-shivering

Front 31

What are the mechanisms of heat transfer from pts to the OR environment?

Back 31

-radiation (40%)
-convection (30%)
-evaporation (20%)
-conduction (10%)

Front 32

what is radiation?

Back 32

transfer of heat from warmer to cooler areas- no contact (pt to OR environment)

Front 33

what is convection?

Back 33

transfer of heat by OR air currents

Front 34

what is evaporation?

Back 34

transfer of heat through humidity (water vapor)

Front 35

what is conduction?

Back 35

transfer of heat from one molecule to another-direct contact...pt laying on OR table

Front 36

heat is the amount of ____ that is transferred as a result of temperature _____.

Back 36

energy
differences

Front 37

the temperature of an ideal gas is proportional to the average ____ ____ of the molecules in the gas.

Back 37

kinetic energy

Front 38

_____ ____ is the amount of heat per unit mass required to raise the temperature by one degree Celsius

Back 38

specific heat

Front 39

what is the specific heat of water

Back 39

1 calories/gram

Front 40

a calorie = ____ joules

Back 40

4.186

Front 41

Celsius to Kelvin conversion

Back 41

K= C+273

Front 42

Celsius to Fahrenheit conversion?

Back 42

F=9/5(C)+32

Front 43

Fahrenheit to Celsius conversion?

Back 43

C=5/9 (F-32)

Front 44

Pressure=

Back 44

Pressure= Force/unit area

Front 45

a force is a ?

Back 45

push or pull
-gravitational force
-electromagnetic force

Front 46

1 atmosphere =

Back 46

760 torr= 760 mmHg or 101,325 pascals (about 101 kPa)

Front 47

vaporization is the process of converting _____ into _____.

Back 47

liquids into vapors

Front 48

_____ is the primary process used to vaporize liquids.

Back 48

evaporation

Front 49

as gas molecules escape a liquid, they exert a pressure above the liquid known as the ____ ____ of the liquid at equilibrium.

Back 49

vapor pressure

Front 50

The vapor pressure of isoflurane?

Back 50

238 mmHg

Front 51

the vapor pressure of sevoflurane?

Back 51

160 mmHg

Front 52

the vapor pressure of desflurane?

Back 52

660 mmHg

Front 53

if you put iso (higher VP) into a sevo (lower VP) calibrated vaporizer, what will happen?

Back 53

at the same temp more vapr of iso will vaporize than of sevo...overdose the patient

Front 54

what is the standard molar volume?

Back 54

22.414 L

Front 55

what is the standard temperature

Back 55

0 C or 273 K

Front 56

liquids and gases are?

Back 56

fluids

Front 57

Density =

Back 57

Density= mass/volume

Front 58

____ is a measure of a fluids resistance to flow.

Back 58

viscosity

Front 59

Flow rate=

Back 59

flow rate= volume/unit time

Front 60

the higher the viscosity, the _____ the flow rate of the fluid.

Back 60

lower

Front 61

the higher the density of the gas, the greater tendency towards ____ flow.

Back 61

turbulent
-helium gas = laminar flow
=sulfur hexafluoride gas = turbulent flow

Front 62

______ ____ is the steady flow of a gas in which the velocities of all the particles on any given streamline are the same. the particles of different streamlines may move at different speeds.

Back 62

laminar flow

Front 63

What is Poiseuille's Equation for laminar flow?

Back 63

Flow Rate=V/T= (P1-P2)PieR^4/8nL
V= volume, T=unit time
P1-P2= pressure gradient
R=radius, n=viscosity of gas/liquid
L=length of tube

Front 64

-if you increase your radius, you _____ your flow
-if you increase your viscosity, you ___ your flow
-if you increase your length, you ___ your flow

Back 64

-increase
-decrease
-decrease

Front 65

if viscosity doubles, flow is?

Back 65

halved

Front 66

_____ ____ is the type of flow where the speed and direction of the gas particles passing any point varies with time.

Back 66

turbulent flow

Front 67

at turbulent flow, ____ is higher than for a similar laminar flow.

Back 67

resistance

Front 68

in turbulent flow: flow (is/is not) directly proportional to pressure as it is in laminar flow

Back 68

is not

Front 69

as gas density ____ the tendency toward turbulent flow increases

Back 69

increases

Front 70

the transition from laminar flow to turbulent flow is dependent upon flow velocity, tube radius, density and viscosity is?

Back 70

reynolds number

Front 71

if reynolds number is <2000 flow tends to be?

Back 71

laminar

Front 72

if reynolds number is >2000 flow tends to be?

Back 72

turbulent

Front 73

gas flow is laminar in____ airways and turbulent in _____airways.

Back 73

smaller
larger

Front 74

what is reynolds number?

Back 74

Re= v x 2r x D/n
v=gas velocity
r= tube radius
D=gas density
n=gas viscosity