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65 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is Specific Heat Capacity? |
The amount of energy required to raise the temperature of 1kg of a substance by 1°C |
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What is infrared radiation? |
A type of electromagnetic radiation that involves waves rather than particles. |
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What type of surfaces vary in absorption and emit of infrared radiation? |
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States of matter: Which has the highest level of energy and which has the lowest? |
Highest: Gas - Particles move freely. Lowest: Solid - Particles have fixed position and only vibrate. |
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Properties of Solids: |
Particles: Very close together & vibrate Object: Fixed shape & Fixed volume |
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Properties of Liquids: |
Particles: Close together but move around Object: Takes shape of container & Fixed Volume |
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Properties of Gases: |
Particles: Very far apart, move randomly & quickly Object: Fills the space available & no fixed volume |
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Describe Conduction: |
Kinetic energy is transferred from hot parts of the metal to cooler parts by the free electrons and particle vibrations.
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Describe Convection Current: |
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Describe Evaporation: |
1) Particles absorb heat energy 2) They move faster 3) Some escape from the surface 4) The remaining liquid is cooler |
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What factors affect the rate of evaporation? |
- Bigger Surface Area - Higher Temperature - Wind |
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Describe Condensation: |
- The particles lose heat energy - They move more slowly - They move much closer together - The gas condenses into a liquid |
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What factors affect the heat transfer of an object? |
- Surface Area of object - Whether it is placed upon a good conductor or a good insulator - Whether the object itself is a good conductor or insulator |
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What is a U-Value? |
The rate of heat transfer through a material
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Properties of a high U-Value are:
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- A lot of heat energy transferred
- BAD |
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Properties of a low U-Value are:
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- A little heat energy transferred
- GOOD |
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Where does wasted energy go? |
It is transferred into the surroundings
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What is payback time? |
Is a measure of how cost-effective a energy saving solution is.
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All the different types of energy: |
Sound Heat Electrical Light Potential Nuclear Kinetic |
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Types of potential energy: |
Chemical Elastic Gravitational |
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How do you work out your electricity bill? |
Cost = No. of KW/H x Cost of each unit |
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What are the two types of nuclear fuel? |
Plutonium Uranium |
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What is a biofuel? |
Fuel made from plants and plant products |
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What fossil fuels are used in power stations? |
Coal Oil Gas Biofuels |
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What is nuclear fusion? |
A nuclear reaction in which a heavy nucleus splits spontaneously or on impact with another particle, with the release of energy.
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What are the pros of Nuclear Power Stations? |
Lots of Electricity Generated. No Polluting Gases |
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What are the cons of Nuclear Power Stations? |
Radioactive Waste Very High Decommissioning Costs |
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What are the pros of fossil fuel power stations? |
Reliable Lots of energy produced |
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What are the cons of fossil fuel power stations? |
Produce Co2 - adds to global warming Produce Sulfur Dioxide - acid rain |
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What is the pro to renewable energy power stations? |
No polluting gases |
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What are the cons to renewable energy power stations? |
Variable reliability Low energy produced Visual pollution |
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What is carbon capture? |
When Co2 is piped underground into disused oil/gas fields |
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What are all the different renewable energy power stations? |
Hydroelectric Scheme Tidal Waves Geothermal Solar Cells Wind Turbines |
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What is the national grid? |
The network of power lines between major power stations |
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What are the stages of the national grid? |
Power station Step up transformer Pylons Step down transformer Homes |
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What do step up transformers do? |
Increase Voltage (11'000V - 132'000V)
Decrease Current (Less wasted energy from heat) |
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What do step down transformers do? |
Reduces Voltage (132'000V - 240V) |
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Describe the oscillation of a transverse wave: |
Perpendicular to the direction of the energy transfer |
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Describe the oscillation of a longitude wave: |
The oscillation is parallel to the direction of energy transfer |
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What is a mechanical wave? |
Needs a medium to travel through |
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What is an electromagnetic wave? |
Doesn't need a median to travel through |
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Examples of Transverse Waves: |
Rope Water Radio Light |
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Examples of Longitudinal Waves: |
Sounds Seismic |
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What is the length between two crests of a wave called? (Transverse) |
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What is the distance from the center line of a wave to the crest called? (Transverse) |
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Label the different parts of a Longitudinal Wave: |
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What is Diffraction? |
Spreading of waves when they hit certain obstacles |
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When does diffraction happen the most? |
When the gap is the same size as the wavelength |
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When is refraction? |
When waves change direction |
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What is the normal line? |
A line 90° to the surface being traveled through |
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When don't waves change direction? |
If they are in line with the normal line |
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What are the 7 types of electromagnetic waves in order? |
Gamma X-rays Ultraviolet Visible Light Infrared Microwaves Radio Waves |
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Waves on the low end of the electromagnetic spectrum have: |
Higher Frequency Lower Wavelength |
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Uses of radio waves in communication are: |
TV Radio |
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Uses of microwaves in communication are: |
Phones Satellite TV |
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Uses of infrared in communication are: |
Remote to TV Fibre optic cables (internet) |
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Use of visible light in communication: |
Cameras Fibre optic cables (internet) |
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What is reflection? |
When waves bounce off an object |
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How do you measure the angle of incidence? |
Measure angle between the normal line and the light Ray |
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Describe a mirrored image: |
Virtual Upright Laterally Inverted
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What is wave frequency measured in? |
Hertz |
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What does a higher amplitude of a soundwave mean? |
That it is louder |
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What does a higher frequency in a soundwave mean? |
It has a higher pitch |
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What is an echo? |
A reflection of sound |
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Describe the doppler effect: |
Wave frequency higher when coming towards you - higher pitch Wave frequency lower when going past you - lower pitch |
