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7 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Investigation into the variation of the frequency of stationary waves on a string with length, tension and mass per unit length of the string |
• Set up apparatus in diagram • Adjust position of bridge so l = 1m measured using metre ruler • Increase frequency of signal generator until string resonates at fundamental frequency • Take readings of frequency f on signal generator for different values of l, T or 𝜇 • Repeat experiment twice more and find mean value of f for each value of l • Plot graph of mean f against 1/l • Draw straight line of best fit through points and find gradient (graph should be a straight line through origin with gradient = 𝑣/2) • speed is also given by 𝑣 = √(T/𝜇) • values substituted into equation to find another value for 𝑣 which can be compared to value obtained from the graph • experiment can be repeated with different masses hanging from the string, and different thicknesses/masses of string |
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Investigation of the interference effects by Young’s slit |
• partially darkened laboratory is required ensuring lasers are used safely • Set up apparatus in diagram, with distance D of initially about 1m • Carefully adjust position of laser until interference pattern is visible on screen • measurement of slit separation s, is required • Take measurements of fringe spacing w, by measuring across a large number of visible fringes, for different values of D, measured using metre ruler • Repeat experiment twice more and find mean value of w for each value of D • Plot graph of mean w against D • Draw straight line of best fit through points and find gradient (graph should be a straight line through origin with gradient = λ /s ) |
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Investigation of diffraction by a diffraction grating |
• partially darkened laboratory is required ensuring lasers are used safely • Set up apparatus in diagram, with distance D of initially about 1m • Carefully adjust position of diffraction grating using large set square so it's perpendicular to laser beam and diffraction pattern is visible on screen • calculate slit separation s • values of Ɵ for each order determined by measuring distances of each dot from central maximum and using θ = arctan(h/D) • formula nλ = d sinƟ used to determine wavelength of laser light for each value of Ɵ • mean value for λ calculated |
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Determining g by free fall |
• height h between starting position of ballbearing and ground measured using tape measure • Ball bearing is dropped and time taken t to fall to ground is measured using stop watch Initial velocity u is 0ms-1 • Take repeat readings to find mean time, t • Take readings of time t for different values of h • Plot graph of mean t^2 against h • Draw straight line of best fit through points and find gradient (graph should be a straight line through origin with gradient = 2/g) |
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Determination of Young's modulus |
• set up apparatus in diagram • Measure initial length of the test wire, L, with the metre ruler • Measure diameter of wire at several places using a micrometer to find mean diameter • Calculate cross sectional area of wire, A • Attach fiduciary marker on wire and secure a ruler below it to the table • 1 kg mass is initially attached to wire, to ensure wire is stretched taught • Take initial reading on ruler • Take ruler readings and calculate corresponding extension e of test wire for different masses attached to test wire • Calculate force exerted for each mass using F = mg • Plot graph of F against e • Draw straight line of best fit through points and find gradient (graph should be a straight line through origin with gradient = L/EA) |
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Resistivity of wire |
• Measure diameter of wire at several places using a micrometer to find mean diameter • Calculate cross-sectional area of wire, A • Set up apparatus in diagram • Attach crocodile clips so that l = 0.1m measured on meter ruler • take readings of V and I for different values of l, increasing V by 0.5 V each time to maintain current at about 0.5 A • Calculate resistance R = V/I for each value of l (allows reasonably accurate measurement of current, without it heating up wire, which may change resistance) • repeat experiment twice and find mean R for each value of l • Plot graph of mean R against l • Draw straight line of best fit through points and find gradient (graph should be a straight line through origin with gradient = ρ/A) |
Switching off the power supply between readings will also keep any heating to a minimum |
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Internal resistance and emf |
• Set up the circuit as shown in the diagram. Set the variable resistor at its maximum value • With switch open record the reading, V, on the voltmeter • Close switch and take pairs of readings of pd, V on the voltmeter and current I, on the ammeter for different resistances on variable resistor • Plot graph of V against I • Draw straight line of best fit through points and find gradient (graph should be a straight line through origin with gradient = -r and y-intercept ε) |
Switching off the power supply between readings will also keep any heating to a minimum |
