Physics P3 Gcse Aqa

Front 1

Which kind of scanner can distinguish between different kinds of soft tissue?

Back 1

CT scans

Front 2

Name 2 advantages of using a CT scanner over a normal x-ray

Back 2

3 dimensional image

high resolution

Front 3

How can x-ays be used to take photographs?

Back 3

They effect photographic film in the same way as light.

Front 4

How can x-ray images be formed digitally?

Back 4

Using a CCD. It is a small silicon chip which can detect x-rays and produce electronic signals which can be turned into high quality images.

Front 5

How do X-rays pass through a body?

Back 5

They are transmitted b healthy tissue but absorbed by bone and metal.

Front 6

What characteristics do X-rays have?

Back 6

High frequency

Short wavelength

Front 7

How are x-rays used to treat cancer?

Back 7

Focused on the tumour using a wide beam

Beam is rotated around the patient with the tumour at the centre.

Front 8

How is the ionising effect of the x-rays stopped from damaging healthy cells?

Back 8

Rotation with tumour at the centre

Front 9

How do radiographers keep themselves safe from a high radiation dose?

Back 9

lead aprons

Stand behind a lead screen

Front 10

How are patients protected from radiation during X-ray scans?

Back 10

Lead shielding on other areas of the body

Exposure time kept to a minimum

Front 11

Can humans hear ultrasound waves

Back 11

No

Front 12

What is partial reflection?

Back 12

Where a wave is both reflected and refracted from a boundary between 2 materials.

Front 13

How does ultrasound imaging work?

Back 13

Some of the wave is partially reflected back towards a detector at every boundary. The time taken for a signal to be received tells us how far away the boundary is.

Front 14

Name 2 things ultrasound is used for in medicine.

Back 14

Kidney stones

Pre-natal scanning

Front 15

Explain how Kidney stones can be brocken down.

Back 15

Ultrasound beam concentrates high energy waves onto the kidney stone and turns it into sand like particles which can be passed out through the urine.

Front 16

Name 2 disadvantages of x-rays.

Back 16

Ionising so can cause cancer

Only show pics of metal and bone

Front 17

Say an advantage and a disadvantage of ultrasounds.

Back 17

Non-ionising so safe

Fuzzy images

Front 18

What are CT scans normally used for?

Back 18

Diagnosing complicated illnesses.

Front 19

What kind of waves are used to scan foetuses?

Back 19

Ultrasound

Front 20

What are the top 3 sources of background radiation?

Back 20

Radon gas

Cosmic rays

Food and drink

Front 21

What is the electronic structure of an alpha particle?

Back 21

4

ALPHA

2

Front 22

What are beta particles?

Back 22

High speed electrons emitted from the nucleus of an atom when a neutron decays into a proton.

Front 23

What is the electronic structure of a beta particle?

Back 23

0

BETA

-1

Front 24

What are gammer waves?

Back 24

Electromagnetic waves emitted from the nucleus of an atom.

Front 25

Define half-life.

Back 25

The time it takes for half of the radioactive isotope nuclei to decay

Front 26

What do the control rods do in a nuclear power plant?

Back 26

Absorb neutrons to slow down the chain reaction.

Front 27

What is an isotope?

Back 27

An atom with the same number of protons but a different number of neurtons.

Front 28

Which type of radiation is stopped by paper?

Back 28

Alpha

Front 29

Which type of radiation is big, heavy and slow moving?

Back 29

Alpha

Front 30

Which type of radiation is strongly ionising and why is this?

Back 30

Alpha because it can knock of a lot of other atoms electrons before it slows down. This means that it creates a lot of ions.

Front 31

Which type of particle moves QUITE fast and is QUITE small?

Back 31

Beta

Front 32

Which type of radiation is moderately ionising and has a long range in air?

Back 32

Beta

Front 33

For every B-particle emitted, what happens in the nucleus?

Back 33

A neutron turns into a proton.

Front 34

Which type of particle has no mass and no charge?

Back 34

Gamma

Front 35

Name 3 characteristics of gamma particles.

Back 35

Weakly ionising

penetrate far into materials

No mass and no charge

Front 36

What happens when alpha and beta particles are put through a magnetic/electric field?

Back 36

Deflect in opposite directions.

Front 37

Alpha particles have a much larger charge than beta particles. Why don't they deflect more?

Back 37

Much greater mass.

Front 38

Why doesn't gamma radiation get deflected by electric or magnetic charge?

Back 38

They have no charge.

Front 39

What is the definition of half-life?

Back 39

Average time it takes for the number of nuclei in a radioactive isotope sample to halve.

Front 40

What are alpha particles used for?

Back 40

Smoke detectors?

Front 41

Which kinds of radiation are suitable for medicine and why.

Back 41

Beta and gammer

Radiation passes out of the body

Front 42

What kind of radiation is used in radiotherapy?

Back 42

Gamma

Front 43

Apart from radiotherapy, what are gamma rays used for?

Back 43

Sterilisation of food and surgical instruments.

Front 44

How does radiation damage cells?

Back 44

They collide with molecules.

The collisions cause ionisation which damages or destroys molecules.

Front 45

What changes the effects of radiation exposure?

Back 45

Time.

Energy and penetration of radiation because some types of radiation is more hazardous.

Front 46

What radiation types are most dangerous outside the body?

Back 46

Beta

Gamma

Front 47

What radiation types are most dangerous inside the body?

Back 47

Alpha because it works on a concentrated area.

Front 48

How can you handle radioactive substances more safely? 6 things

Back 48

Reduce time

Don't let it touch the skin

Hold at arms length

Keep pointing away from the body

Don't look directly at it

Store in a lead box