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55 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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metric system
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a decimal system of weights and measures based on the meter and the kilogram and the second
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SI
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internationally agreed upon method of using the metric system of measurement
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fundamental units
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set of units on which a measurement system is based (i.e meter, second, kilogram, ampere, candela)
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second
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SI unit of time
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meter
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SI unit of length
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kilogram
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SI unit of mass
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derived units
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Unit of a quantity that consists of combination of fundamental units
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scientifc notation
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numbers expressed in form M x 10n where 1 < M< 10 and n is an integer
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prefixes
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a parenthesis-free notation for forming mathematical expressions in which each operator precedes its operands
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parallax
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the apparent displacement of an object as seen from two different points that are not on a line with the object
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precision
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degree of exactness in a measurement
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accuracy
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closeness of a measurement to the standard value of that quantity
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signifcant digits
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Reliable digits reported in a measurement
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independent variable
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variable that is maipulated or changed in an experiment
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dependent variables
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variable that respnds to change in manipulated variable
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linear relationships
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relationships between two variables, x and y, summarized by the equation y = ax + b
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slope
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ratio of the vertical separation or rise to the horizontal separation or run
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y-intercepts
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where a line crosses the y axis
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quadratic relationships
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quadratic function f is a function of the form
f(x) = ax2 + bx + c |
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inverse relationships
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mathematical relationship beween two variables, x and y, summarized by the equation xy=k where k is constant
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reference point
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zero location in a coordinate system or frame of reference
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frame of reference
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coordinate system used to define motion
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position
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separation between object and a reference point
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distance
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the separation between two points. A scalar quantity
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scalar
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quantity, like distance, that has only a magnitude or size
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vector
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quantity having both magnittude and direction
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clock reading
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time between event and a reference time, usually zero
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instantaneous position
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position of an object at specific time
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displacement
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change in position. A vector quantity
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time interval
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Difference in time between two clock readings
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average velocity
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velocity measured over a finite time interval
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factor-label method
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dimensional analysis
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constant velocity
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velocity that does not change in time
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position time graph
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graph of object's motion that shows how its position depends on clcok reading, or time
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slope
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ratio of the vertical separation, or rise to the horizontal separation, or run
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speed
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ratio of distance traveled to time interval
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velocity
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ratio of change in position to time interval over which change takes place
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instantaneous velocity
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slope of the tangent to position time graph
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velocity time graph
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plot of velocity of onject as a function of time
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average acceleration
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acceleration measured over a finite time interval
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instatnaneous acceleration
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acceleration at a specific time; slope of tangent to velcoty time graph
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constant or uniform acceleration
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acceleration that does not change in time
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initial velocity
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velocity of object at time t=0
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final velocity
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velocity at end of acceleration
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acceleration due to gravity
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9.8 m/s
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gravitational force
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attraction between two objects due to their mass
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electromagnetic force
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one of fundamental forces due to electric charges, both static and moving
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strong nuclear force
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force of very short range that holds neutrons and protons in nucleus together
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weak force
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a form of electromagnetic force, involed in readioactive decay of some nuclei
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Newton's first law
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an obect with no force acting on it moves with constant velocity
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Newton's second law
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the acceleration of a body is directly proportional to the net force of it and inversely proportional
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inertial mass
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ratio of net force exerted on object to its acceleration
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friction
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force opposing relative motion of two objects taht are in contact
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static friction
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force that opposes start of motion between two surfaces
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coefficient of friction
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ratio of frictional force and the normal force between two surfaces
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