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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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ATOM
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The smallest, indivisible, indestructible, particle of matter.
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ATOMIC NUMBER (Z)
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The number of protons in an atom.
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PERIODIC TABLE
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A table of elements which exist as periodic functions of their atomic numbers (consecutive order of their atomic number).
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MASS NUMBER (A)
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The sum of the protons and neutrons in an atom (the number of nucleons).
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ATOMIC MASS (U)
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The average mass of an atom in atomic mass units (use decimals).
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RELATIVE ATOMIC MASS (Ar)
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The average mass of an atom compared to the value for the atomic mass unit (u).
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ACTUAL MASS
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The average mass of an atom in grams or kilograms.
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MOLAR MASS
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The mass of one mole of substance in grams per mole (g.mol^-1).
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COMPOUND
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A group of 2 or more elements that are chemically combined.
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MOLECULAR COMPOUND
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A group of 2 or more neutral atoms that are covalently bonded to form a compound. Molecules can act as separate units. (All atoms that make up compounds are non-metallic).
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IONIC COMPOUND
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A group of 2 or more charged atoms (ions) chemically combined to form a giant structure.
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AUFBAU DIAGRAMS
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3 rules:
× start filling electrons from the first energy level × Pauli's exclusion principle: each orbital can accommodate a max of 2e- , provided they spin in opposite directions. × Hund's rule: possible pairing can only take place in the p orbitals once the orbitals are half full. |
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VALENCE ELECTRONS
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The electrons in the last energy levels of an atom (group number).
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VALENCY
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The number of electrons in an atom that take part in bonding, the amount of electrons an atom must lose or gain to have a full outer energy level (charge number).
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COVALENT BONDING
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Half full orbitals overlap so sharing can take place (Lewis Dot Structures).
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IONIC BONDING
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One atom loses electrons while the other gains electrons (there is a transfer of elctrons).
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MOLE (AMOUNT OF SUBSTANCE)
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The amount of substance that has the same number of elementary particles as there are carbon atoms in 12g in carbon 12 isotope.
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FORMULA 1
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n = m/M = ... mols
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FORMULA 2
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n = N/Na
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FORMULA 3
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n = V/Vm (dm^3)
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AVOGADRO NUMBER
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6,023 x 10^23
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STP
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Standard Temperature & Pressure
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Vm
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22,4 dm^3
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