Physics Final - Newton's Laws Of Motion

Front 1

the study of how objects move; Galileo’s focus of study

Back 1

Kinematics

Front 2

the study of why objects move the way they do; Newton’s focus of study

Back 2

Dynamics

Front 3

an object at rest will stay at rest unless acted on by an outside force and an object in constant motion will continue its motion unless acted on by an outside force; when no forces act on an object, there is no acceleration

Back 3

Newton's First Law of Motion

Front 4

acceleration is proportional to force, a α F; acceleration is inversely proportional to mass, a α 1/m; therefore acceleration is proportional to the ratio of force to mass, a α F/m

Back 4

Newton's Second Law of Motion

Front 5

for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction; the force in is equal to the opposite of the force out; Fin = -Fout

Back 5

Newton's Third Law of Motion

Front 6

a push or a pull; vector; represented by vector arrows; all of the rules involving vectors apply to force vectors

Back 6

Force

Front 7

units of force

Back 7

Newton, N

Front 8

the combination or sum of all forces acting on an object; calculated using vector addition; x- and y-components are solved separately

Back 8

Net Force

Front 9

state of balance; occurs when ΣF = 0 or net force acting on an object is zero

Back 9

Equilibrium

Front 10

the effect of gravity on an object; always acts down (negative)

Back 10

Weight

Front 11

the quantity of matter in an object

Back 11

Mass

Front 12

the amount of space taken up by an object; not used because the relative size of an object can alter distances; all objects can be thought of as a point source or a dot.

Back 12

Volume

Front 13

point at the center of an object’s weight distribution where gravity is considered to act; found at the geometric center; same as center of mass

Back 13

Center of Gravity

Front 14

point at the center of an object’s mass distribution where all of its mass is considered to be concentrated; found at the geometric center; same as center of gravity

Back 14

Center of Mass

Front 15

force perpendicular to the surface of contact

Back 15

Normal Force (Fn)

Front 16

the reluctance of any body to change its state of motion; measured by the mass of an object; the larger an object’s mass, the more inertia it has

Back 16

Inertia

Front 17

force that acts between materials that touch; always opposes motion and shown parallel to the surface of contact; caused by the irregularities in the surfaces of the objects touching

Back 17

Friction

Front 18

constant that depends on the two surfaces in contact; no units; varies for different materials; represents the percentage of force lost due to friction

Back 18

Coefficient of friction (μ)

Front 19

the force that opposes the start of motion

Back 19

Static friction

Front 20

the opposing force between surfaces in motion; also called kinetic friction

Back 20

Sliding friction

Front 21

force of friction acting on an object moving through air; often called drag

Back 21

Air resistance (Fdrag)

Front 22

speed at which the acceleration of a falling object terminates because friction balances the weight

Back 22

Terminal velocity

Front 23

a mutual action between objects where each object exerts an equal and opposite force on the other

Back 23

Interaction

Front 24

a generic picture used to show all of the forces acting on an object

Back 24

Free body diagram

Front 25

internal force due to supporting an object; usually exists in ropes, wires, or beams

Back 25

Tension

Front 26

When in a state of equilibrium, the net force acting on an object is ____

Back 26

Zero

Front 27

Newtons _____ Law of Motion is often called the Law of Inertia

Back 27

First

Front 28

According to Inertia, do objects tend to keep doing what they are doing

Back 28

Yes

Front 29

A force is required to get an object moving but a force is not necessary to ________ _________

Back 29

Sustain motion

Front 30

________ _______ occurs when the force due to air resistance of a falling object is equal to the force of the object’s weight, creating a net force of ____ to act on the object

Back 30

Terminal velocity; zero

Front 31

______ and ______ affect an object in free fall

Back 31

Force and mass

Front 32

All objects fall at the same _____ because the ratio of weight to mass is always constant

Back 32

Rate

Front 33

Action-reaction forces do not always cancel each other out. They are ________ upon the system

Back 33

Dependent

Front 34

Gravity’s affect on an object is called the ______ ____ ________

Back 34

Force of Weight

Front 35

There are five different ways to draw free body diagrams

Back 35

Horizontal, vertical, incline plane, free fall, and tension