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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The Scientific Method
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Observations/Question; Test hypotheses; Interpret results; State Conclusion
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Model
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a replica or description designed to show the structure or workings of an object, system, or concept
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System
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a set of items or interactions considered a distinct physical entity for the purpose of study
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Accuracy
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describes how close a measured value is to the true value of the quantity measured
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Precision
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refers to the degree of exactness with which a measurement is made and stated
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parallax
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the angle at which you view things can distort the object
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Dimensional Analysis
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dimensions can be treated as algebraic quantities
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Frame of Reference
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a coordinate system for specifying the precise location of objects in space
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Displacement
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the change in position of an object; not always equal to the distance traveled; if object returns to same place= 0;positive and negative
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Average Velocity
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the total displacement divided by the time interval during which displacement occurred
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Instantaneous Velocity
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the velocity of an object at some instant (or specific point in its path); find with tangent lines
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Acceleration
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the rate of change in velocity; when velocity is constant acceleration is zero
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Scalar
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a quantity that has only magnitude bit no direction (speed, volume)
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Vector
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a quantity that has both magnitude and direction (velocity, acceleration)
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Resultant
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sum of two vectors
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Components
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the individual vertical and horizontal displacements
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Projectile Motion
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free-fall with an initial horizontal velocity
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Force
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the cause of an acceleration or the change in an object's velocity
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Contact force
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force that arises from the physical contact of two objects
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Field force
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force that can exist between objects, even in the absence of physical contact (gravity)
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force diagram
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a diagram of the objects involved in a situation ans the forces exerted on the objects
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free-body diagram
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isolate an object and the forces acting on it
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inertia
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the tendency of an object to maintain its state of motion
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Newton's First Law of Motion
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an object at rest remains at rest and an object in motion continues in motion with constant velocity unless the object experiences a net external force; when net force is 0, acceleration is 0
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net external force
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total force resulting from a combination of external forces on an object; sometimes called resultant force; "equal but opposite" means net force is 0
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mass is measurement of inertia
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more mass, less acceleration
less mass, more acceleration |
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equilibrium
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an object at rest or at constant velocity (net external force is 0)
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Newton's Second Law
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force is proportional to mass and acceleration (F=ma)
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Newton's Third Law
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for ever action there is an equal and opposite reaction
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action-reaction pair
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a pair of simultaneous equal but opposite forces resulting from the interaction of the two objects
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Static Friction
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the amount of force that is needed to get an object to move (always greater than kinetic friction)
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Kinetic Friction
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the retarding force against an object in motion
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spring constant
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a parameter that expresses how resistant a spring is to being compressed or stretched
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Mechanical energy
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the sum of kinetic energy and all forms of potential energy; it is conserved in the absence of friction so mech. energy remains constant
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impulse
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the product of the force and the time over which it acts on an object; changes in momentum over a longer time require less force
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perfectly inelastic collisions
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a collision in which two objects collide and move together with the same velocity
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elastic collision
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a collision i which two objects collide and then return to their original shapes
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