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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Matetials |
Conductor, Electrical Insulator, Semiconductor, Superconductor |
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Conductor |
Material in which electric charges move freely |
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Electrical Insulator |
Material in which electrical charges do not move freely |
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Semiconductor |
Material that is in between conductor and insulator; Pure substance (state) = no charge, but increased conductivity as impurities are added |
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Superconductor |
Substance with zero electrical resistance at or below certain temperatures |
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Means to charge |
Contact- for conductors ot insulators Induction- conductors Polarization- surface charge for insulators |
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Induction |
Process by which a conductor is charged by bringing another charged object closer to it, but not actually touching it. Requires: •object to be induced (inductor) •charged object causing induction •something that's a source or sink of e- |
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Grounded Induction |
When conductor is connected to earth via wire or pipe |
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How to induce (a conductor) |
1. Bring object with a charge closer to object that you want to induce 2. Grounded object being induced to source/sink and e- will move from/ to the souce/sink 3. Remove grounding wire and take the originally charged object away. The substance wanting to be induced will now have a charge |
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Polarization |
•in neutral atoms, both + and - charges exist •as charged object is brought close, the charges shift, but no net charge exists on insulator |
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Steps to solve coloumbs constant |
•find felec 1,2 •find felec 1,3 •sum of vectors •Pythagorean therom •angle - 0 |
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Electric Fields |
•regions where an electric force from test charge can be detected |
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Attractive |
- |
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Repulsive |
+ |
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Equilibrium |
If multiple charges exist, there will be a location where fnet= 0N |
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Electric Field Lines |
Don't actually exist, but use them to represent strength and direction of electric field.. (Draw diagram) |
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Electrostatic Equilibrium |
•in good electrical conductors, electrons can move freely (e- ate weakly bonded) •electrostatic equilibrium: state in which theres no net motion of charge in a conductor |
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For electrostatic equilibrium to occur: |
1. Electric field inside conductor must be zero 2. Any excess charge is on conductors outer surface 3. Any electric field outside of the conductors outrr surface is perpendicular to conductors outer surface. 4. If conductor is irregularly shaped, charge tends to accumulate at shape points |
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Electric potential energy |
Potential energy associated with a charge that is a certain position within an electric field |
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Electric Potential |
Work performed against the electric forces to move charges from a reference point to a point in question, divided by a charge |
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Capacitance |
Ability of a conductor to store energy |
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Potential difference |
•is inversely proportional to plate distance/ spereation; capacitance is directly proportional to size •if a dielectric (insulating) material id plaved between plates, capacitance increases |
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Drift velocity |
net velocity of a charge carrier moving in an electric field |
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How is electic energy transported |
At a high potential difference and loe current to avoif energy loss |
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Factors affection resistance |
Length, Cross sectional area, material, temperature |
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Types of resistors |
Pentiometer- special type of resistor in which resistance can be adjusted |
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Current types |
Alternating Current (AC)- |
