Physics Chapter 4

Front 1

Density

Back 1

Ratio of mass to their volume, p=m/V

Units: kg/m^3, g/mL, g/cm^3

Front 2

Weight of any volume

Back 2

Fg = pVg

Front 3

Specific Gravity

Back 3

SG = p/(1g/cm^3)

Front 4

Pressure

Back 4

The ratio of force per unit area, P=F/A

Measured in pascal (Pa), 1Pa = 1 N/m^2

Front 5

Absolute (Hydrostatic) pressure

Back 5

Total pressure that is exerted on an object that is submerged in a fluid

P = P0 +pgz

Front 6

Gauge Pressure

Back 6

The difference between the absolute pressure inside the tire and the atmospheric pressure outside the tie

Pgauge = P - Patm

Front 7

Hydrostatics

Back 7

Study of fluids at rest and the forces and pressures associated with standing fluids

Front 8

Pascal's Principle

Back 8

Fluids with volumes that cannot be reduced by any significant degree through application of pressure, a change in pressure will be transmitted undiminished to every portion of the fluid and to the walls of the containing vessel

F1/A1 = F2/A2 = P

Front 9

Archimedes' Principle

Back 9

A principle dealing with the buoyancy of objects, when placed in fluids, states that a body wholly or partially immersed in a fluid will be buoyed upwards by a force equal to the weight of the fluid that it displaces

Front 10

Buoyant Force

Back 10

Fbuoy = pvg

Density of the fluid
Volume of fluid displaced

Front 11

Surface Tension

Back 11

A thin but strong layer that results from cohesion, which is the attractive force that a molecule of liquid feels toward other molecules of the same liquid

Front 12

Adhesion

Back 12

The attractive force that a molecule of the liquid feels toward the molecules of some other substance

Front 13

Meniscus

Back 13

A curved surface in which the liquid crawls up the side of the container a small amount, when the adhesive forces are greater than the cohesive forces

Front 14

Backwards meniscus

Back 14

Occurs when the cohesive forces are greater than the adhesive forces

Front 15

Viscosity

Back 15

Resistance of a fluid to flow
Increased viscosity f a fluid increases its viscous drag

Front 16

Viscous drag

Back 16

A non-conservative force that is analogous to air resistance

Unit = Pa x s = (N x S)/m^2

Front 17

inviscid

Back 17

Fluids with no viscosity

Front 18

Laminar flow

Back 18

Flow that is smooth and orderly

Front 19

Poiseuille's Law

Back 19

A formula used to calculate the rate of flow through a pipe or confined space

Q = (pie)(r^4)(pressure gradient)/(8xnxL)

Front 20

Turbulent Flow

Back 20

Rough and disorderly, produces eddies, which are swirls of fluid of varying size occurring typically on the downstream side of an obstacle

Front 21

Critical Speed

Back 21

Turbulence can arise in any given fluid when the speed of the fluid exceeds this threshold

Vc = (Nr x n)/(p x D)

Front 22

Boundary Layer

Back 22

A layer in which a fluid will demonstrate laminar flow adjacent to the wall

Front 23

Flow Rate

Back 23

Constant for a closed system and is independent of changes in cross-sectional area

Q = vA

Front 24

Linear Speed

Back 24

Measure of the linear displacement of fluid particles in a given amount of time

Front 25

Bernoulli's Equation

Back 25

P1 + 0.5(pv^2) + pgh = P2 + 0.5(pv^2) + pgh

Front 26

Dynamic Pressure

Back 26

Pressure associated with the movement of a fluid

0.5(pv^2)