Physics Chapter 16 & 17

Front 1

is the reduction in the total number of x-ray photons remaining in the beam after passing through material

Back 1

attenuation

Front 2

is the quantity of matter per unit of volume measured in kilograms per cubic meter

Back 2

density

Front 3

bone tissue is a denser substance than

Back 3

lung tissue

Front 4

the greatest variable the radiographer faces when performing a radiographic procedure

Back 4

the patient

Front 5

at the atomic level the body consists primarily of

Back 5

hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen

Front 6

atomic numbers of hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and calcium

Back 6

hydrogen-1, carbon-6, nitrogen-7, oxygen-8, and calcium-20

Front 7

atomic number of air

Back 7

7.78

Front 8

air will absorb fewer photons as they pass through it

Back 8

true

Front 9

atomic number of fat

Back 9

6.45

Front 10

atomic number of muscle

Back 10

7.64

Front 11

atomic number of bone

Back 11

12.31

Front 12

refers to the impact the patient has on the resultant radiographic density

Back 12

subject density

Front 13

IR exposure will be altered by changes in the amount or type of tisse being

Back 13

irradiated

Front 14

is the difference in densities of a recorded image

Back 14

radiographic contrast

Front 15

is the degree of differential absorption resulting from the differing absorption characteristics of the tissures in the body

Back 15

subject contrast

Front 16

one of the primary factors that affects the sharpness or detail of an image is

Back 16

the distance b/w the structure of interest and the IR

Front 17

is the misrepresentation of the size or shape of the structure of interest

Back 17

distortion

Front 18

4 major substances account for most of the variations in x-ray absorption is

Back 18

air, fat, muscle, and bone

Front 19

is the medical science that is concerned with all aspects of disease

Back 19

pathology

Front 20

a disease that causes body tissues to thicken, increase atomic #, or density, requiring increase in factors

Back 20

additive condition

Front 21

a disease that causes body tissues to thin, decrease atomic #, or density, requiring decrease in factors

Back 21

destructive condition

Front 22

an encapsulated infection increases tissue thickness & may alter composition, part. in the lungs

Back 22

abscess

Front 23

swelling causes an increase in tissue thickness

Back 23

edema

Front 24

an abnormal new growth in tissue results in an increase in tissue thickness

Back 24

tumor

Front 25

a collapse of the lung results in airlessness of all or part of the lung tissue

Back 25

atelectasis

Front 26

the chronic dilatation of the bronchi can result in peribronchial thickening & small areas of atelectasis

Back 26

bronchiectasis

Front 27

an enlargement of the heart causes an increase in thickness of the part

Back 27

cardiomegaly

Front 28

when the heart is in failure, the cardiac output is diminished

Back 28

congestive heart failure

Front 29

pus in the thoracic cavity causes an increase in tissue density

Back 29

empyema

Front 30

when the pleural cavity fills w/ either blood or serous fluid, it displaces normal lung tissue

Back 30

pleural effusions
-hemothorax, hydrothorax

Front 31

the inhalation of dust particles can cause fibrotic scarring changes

Back 31

pneumoconiosis

Front 32

inflammation of the lung tissues causes fluid to fill in the alveolar spaces

Back 32

pneumonia

Front 33

the removal of a lung will cause the affected side to demonstrate an increase in density

Back 33

pneumonectomy

Front 34

when fluid fills the interstitial lung tissues and the alveoli, tissue density increases

Back 34

pulmonary edema

Front 35

an infection by a mycobacteria causes the inflammatory response, increasing fluid in lungs

Back 35

tuberculosis

Front 36

a large dilatation of the aorta will result in increased thickness of the affected part

Back 36

aortic aneurysm

Front 37

fluid accumulation w/i the peritoneal cavity causes an increase in tissue thickness, has a ground glass appearance

Back 37

ascites

Front 38

stones are most commonly found throughout the abdomen in such organs as gallbladder and kidney

Back 38

calcified stones

Front 39

fibrotic changes in the liver cause the liver to enlarge and ascites can result

Back 39

cirrhosis

Front 40

an overgrowth of the hands, feet, face, and jaw as a result of hypersecretion of growth hormones

Back 40

acromegaly

Front 41

a chronic bone infection results in new bone growth at the infected site

Back 41

chronic osteomyelitis

Front 42

a dilatation of the fluid filled cerebral ventricles causes an enlargement of the head

Back 42

hydrocephalus

Front 43

the spread of cancer to bone can result in uncontrolled new bone growth

Back 43

osteoblastic metastases

Front 44

a tumor arising in the bone and cartilage will result in an increased thickness of the bone

Back 44

osteochondroma

Front 45

an increase occurs in bone cell activity which leads to new bone growth

Back 45

paget's disease

Front 46

an increase in hardening as a result of a chronic inflammation in bone

Back 46

sclerosis

Front 47

a sychological eating disorder which results in an extreme weight loss

Back 47

anorexia nervosa

Front 48

a wasting away of body tissue thith diminished cell proliferation

Back 48

atrophy

Front 49

a generalized wasting away of body tissue

Back 49

emaciation

Front 50

the overdistention of the lung tissues by air will result in a decrease in lung tissue density

Back 50

emphysema

Front 51

free air in the pleural cavity displaces normal lung tissue and results in decreased density in thoracic cavity

Back 51

pneumothorax

Front 52

a psychological disorder resulting in abnormal swallowing of air

Back 52

aerophagia

Front 53

an obstruction in the bowel results in abnormal accumulation of air and fluid

Back 53

bowel obstruction

Front 54

with bone infection there is initially a loss of bone tissue, decreasing thickness of part

Back 54

active osteomyelitis

Front 55

death of bone tissue results in a decrease in composition and thickness of the part

Back 55

aseptic necrosis

Front 56

malignancies in bone can cause an osteolytic process, resulting in decreased thickness of the part

Back 56

carcinoma

Front 57

inflammation of the joints results in a destruction of adjoining bone tissue, decreasing part thickness

Back 57

degenerative arthritis

Front 58

this malignant tumor of the metaphysis of bone causes an osteolytic lesion w/ moth-eaten appearance

Back 58

fibrosarcoma

Front 59

during the chronic stages of the metabolic disease, areas of bone destruction result in punched-out lesions

Back 59

gout

Front 60

oversecretion of the parathyroid hormone causes calcium to leave bone and enter the bloodstream

Back 60

hyperparathyroidism

Front 61

this malignant tumor arises from plasma cells of bone marrow and causes punched-out osteolytic areas on the bone

Back 61

multiple myeloma

Front 62

when some malignancies spread to bone they produce destruction of the bone

Back 62

osteolytic metastases

Front 63

a defect in bone mineralization results in decreased composition of affected bone

Back 63

osteomalacia

Front 64

a defect in bone production due to the failure of osteoblasts to lay down bone matrix results in decreased composition of affected bone

Back 64

osteoporosis

Front 65

if a disease causes the affected body tissue to increase in thickness, atomic #, or density the beam will?

Back 65

the x-ray beam will have greater attenuation