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39 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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mass |
Mass is the quantity of matter as described by its energy equivalence. |
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Matter |
Matter is anything that occupies space. |
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Atom |
All matter is composed of fundamental building blocks called atoms, which are arranged in various complex ways. |
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Potential energy |
Potential energy is the ability to do work by virtue of position. |
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Energy |
Energy is the ability to do work. Measured in joules. |
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Kinetic energy |
Kinetic energy is the energy of motion. |
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Chemical energy |
Chemical energy is the energy released by a chemical reaction. |
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Electrical energy |
Electrical energy represents the work that can be done when an electron moves through an electric potential difference (voltage). |
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Thermal energy |
Thermal energy (heat) is the energy of motion at the molecular level. |
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Nuclear energy |
Nuclear energy is the energy that is contained within the nucleus of an atom. |
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Electromagnetic energy |
Electromagnetic energy is a form of energy that is the result of electric and magnetic disturbances in space. In addition to x-rays and gamma rays, electromagnetic energy includes radio waves; microwaves; and ultraviolet, infrared, and visible light. Electromagnetic energy does not include sound or diagnostic ultrasound.
Electromagnetic energy is usually referred to as electromagnetic radiation or, simply, radiation. |
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Mass-Energy |
E = mc² where E is energy, m is mass, and c is the velocity (speed) of electromagnetic radiation (light) in a vacuum. |
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radiation |
Energy emitted and transferred through space is called radiation. Electromagnetic energy is usually referred to as electromagnetic radiation or, simply, radiation. |
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irradiated |
Matter that intercepts radiation and absorbs part or all of it is said to be exposed or irradiated. |
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Ionizing radiation |
Ionizing radiation is a special type of radiation that includes x-rays. Ionizing radiation is any type of radiation that is capable of removing an orbital electron from the atom with which it interacts. |
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Sources of Ionizing Radiation |
These sources can be divided into two main categories: natural environmental radiation and man-made radiation. |
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Natural environmental radiation |
Natural environmental radiation consists of four components: cosmic rays, terrestrial radiation, internally deposited radionuclides, and radon. Natural environmental radiation results in an annual dose of approximately 3 millisieverts (mSv). |
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Man-made radiation |
Man-made radiation results in 3.2 mSv annually. Diagnostic x-rays constitute the largest man-made source of ionizing radiation (3.2 mSv/yr). |
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cellulose nitrate |
The demands of the army for increased radiologic services made necessary a substitute for the glass plate. The substitute was cellulose nitrate, and it quickly became apparent that the substitute was better than the original glass plate. |
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Standard Units of Measurement |
Only three measurable quantities are considered basic, these base quantities are mass, length, and time, and they are the building blocks of all other quantities. |
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derived quantities |
The secondary quantities are called derived quantities because they are derived from a combination of one or more of the three base quantities.
Energy, power, work, force, velocity, acceleration, momentum. |
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special quantities |
In radiologic science, special quantities are those of exposure, dose, effective dose, and radioactivity. |
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Velocity |
The rate of change of its position with time. Sometimes called speed. |
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Velocity of light |
The velocity of light is constant and is symbolized by c: c = 3 × 108 m/s. |
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Acceleration |
The rate of change of velocity with time is acceleration. |
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Newton's Laws of Motion |
1. Newton's first law: Inertia—A body will remain at rest or will continue to move with constant velocity in a straight line unless acted on by an external force. 2. Newton's second law: Force—The force (F) that acts on an object is equal to the mass (m) of the object multiplied by the acceleration (a) produced. 3. Newton's third law: Action/reaction—For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. |
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Force |
F = ma The SI unit of force is the newton (N). |
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Weight |
Weight (Wt) is a force on a body caused by the pull of gravity on it.
Wt = mg Units of weight are the same as those for force: newtons and pounds. |
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Momentum |
The product of the mass of an object and its velocity is called momentum, represented by p. P = mv |
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Inertia |
The property of an object with mass to resist a change in its state of motion. Objects at rest will continue to stay at rest, and objects in motion will continue to move at the same velocity and direction. |
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Kelvin |
The SI unit for temperature. The Kelvin scale begins at absolute zero. |
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Fundamental unit |
A unit that measures a quality by itself, without using any other fundamental unit, such as measure length, mass, time, and temperature. It is also called base unit or base quantity. |
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Gravity |
The force of attraction between two objects with mass. |
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Joule |
The SI unit for work and energy, abbreviated as J. |
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Law of conservation of momentum |
The principal that momentum of an object in motion is not lost unless an outside force, such as friction or gravity acts upon it. |
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Molecule |
The smallest unit of a substance that retains the identity of that substance. |
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Newton's second law of motion |
Principle that acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the amount of force applied. Force equals mass times acceleration. |
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Atom |
The basic building blocks of all matter. |
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Energy |
The ability to do work. |
