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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Kinematics
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The classification and comparison of motions
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Particle
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A point-like object such as an electron
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Origin
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Zero point
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Positive Direction
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In the direction of increasing numbers (coordinates)
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Negative Direction
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The direction of decreasing numbers
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Displacement
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A change from position x1 to x2
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Magnitude
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Absolute value
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Vector Quantity
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A quantity that has both a direction and a magnitude
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Average Velocity
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The ratio of the displacement (change in x) that occurs during a particular time interval (change in t) to that interval
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Slope
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On a graph on x versus t, the average velocity is the slope of the straight line that connects two particular points on the x(t) curve: one is the point that corresponds to x2 and t2, and the other is the point that corresponds to x1 and t1.
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Average Speed
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Involves the total distance covered over the change in time, independent of direction
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Instantaneous Velocity
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How fast a particle is moving at a given instant
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Speed
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The magnitude of velocity; speed is velocity that has been stripped of any indication of direction, either in words or via an algebraic sign
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Acceleration
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When a particle's velocity changes
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Average Acceleration
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The change in the velocity over the change in time
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Instantaneous Acceleration
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The rate at which its velocity is changing at that instant
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Free-Fall Acceleration
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When an object accelerates downward at a certain constant rate; is independent of the object's characteristics, such as mass, density, or shape; it is the same for all objects
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Vector Quantity
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A quantity that has both a magnitude and a direction and thus can be represented with a vector
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Scalars
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Physical quantities that do not involve a direction (ex. temperature, pressure, energy, mass, time)
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Displacement Vector
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A vector that represents a displacement
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Vector Sum (Resultant)
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The net displacement of two displacements (ex. the displacement AC of AB+BC); not the usual algebraic sum
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Component
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The projection of the vector along an axis
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Resolving the Vector
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The process of finding the components of a vector
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Unit Vector
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A vectro that has a magnitude of exactly 1 and points in a particular direction
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Vector Components
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The quantities ax(i hat) and ay(j hat)
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Scalar Components
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ax and ay
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Position Vector
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A vector that extends from a reference point (usually the origin) to a particle
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Projectile
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A particle that is projected or launched
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Projectile Motion
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The motion of a projectile; the horizontal and vertical motion are independent of each other; that is, neither motion affects the other
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Trajectory
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A projectile's path
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Uniform Circular Motion
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When a particle travels around a circle or a circular arc at constant speed
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Centripetal Acceleration
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The acceleration associated with uniform circular motion; center-seeking
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