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100 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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___ takes up space, and ___ exerts force by means of gravity. Mass is how ___ something is; weight is how ___ something is
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Mass, weight, big, heavy
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is the measurement of the pull of gravity
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weight
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is the measurement of matter
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mass
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the scientific unit for mass
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kilogram
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the ability to do work
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energy
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7 types of energy
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Potential, Electrical, Chemical, Kinetic, Thermal, Electromagnetic, Nuclear.
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Potential Energy is based on
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position
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ball at the top of the hill, compressed spring
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potential energy
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energy in motion
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kinetic energy
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Chemical reactions are a form of
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chemical energy
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comes from lightning, household electricity, electron movement, etc.
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electrical energy
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heat is a form of
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thermal energy
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A trigger coked on a gun in an example of
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potential
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A bullet flying in the air is considered an example
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kinetic energy
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Powering a generator is an example of ___ energy
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electrical energy
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Xrays, radiowaves, visible light and microwaves are all examples of ___ energy.
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electromagnetic
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The formula relating to energy and mass is
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E=mc (squared)
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Nuclear energy comes from the ___ of an atom
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nucleus
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“E” stands for ___, “m” stands for ___, and “c” stands for ___.
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Energy, mass, speed of light
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is the transfer of energy.
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radiation
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energy emmited and transfered through space
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radiation
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radiation capable of removing an electron from an atom
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ionizing radiation
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means the radiation is capable of removing orbital electrons from an atom.
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ionizing radiation
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Electromagnetic radiation is a form of
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ionizing radiation
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Ionizing radiation creates an
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ion pair
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An ion pair consists of a positive ___ and a negative ___.
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atom, electron
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Xrays were discovered on
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November 8,1895
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Who discovered xrays?
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Roentgen
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Time, distance, and shielding
Never allow false sense of security Never stand in the way of primary beam Wear lead apron Wear radiation monitoring device |
five of the ten commandments of radiatgion protection
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Don’t hold the patient
If you must hold the patient, wear protection Shield for pregnancy Always collimate Dont raidaite a pregnant female in the pelvis in first trimester |
6-10 radiation commandments
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The three base quantities for physics are:
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Mass, length, and time
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Mass is measured in
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kilograms
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Length is measured in
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meters
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Time is measured
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in seconds
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The SI unit of radioactivity is the
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the curie
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Xrays, gamma rays and interaction in air are measured by ___
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roentgens
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In 1898, ___ invented fluoroscope
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edison
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A unit of radiation exposure or intensity is
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roentgen
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The SI equivalent of roentgen is
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Air kerma. milligray
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A unit of absorbed dose
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rad
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The SI equivalent of rad is
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gray T
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is the measurement used in a radiation badge and stands for ___ equivalent ___.
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REM, radiation, man
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Rem also measures dose to ___ and ___ dose
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Populations, occupational
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The SI equivalent of rem is the
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the sievert
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A unit of radioactivity is
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a curie
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The SI equivalent for curie is ___.
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becquerel
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___ is the rate of change in position (speed
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velocity
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The Law of Inertia is Newton’s ___ law and states that a body at rest will stay at ___ and a body in
motion will stay in ___ until affected by an outside |
First, rest, motion, force
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is the push or pull on an object.
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force
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Newton’s ___ law states that if a body of mass has ___, then the force on it is given by ___ times acceleration.
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2nd, acceleration, mass
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The SI unit of force is
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newton
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The equation for force is
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f=ma
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Newton’s ___ law states that for every ___, there is an equal and ___ ___.
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3rd, action, opposite reaction
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___ is the push/pull on an object, while ___ is a force on the body caused by gravity.
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Force, weight
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___ is the force applied times the distance over which it is applied.
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Work
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The SI unit of work is ___.
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joules
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The rate of work is called
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power
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The British unit of power is
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horsepower
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The British SI unit of power is
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watt or joules per second
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The random, disordered motion of molecules caused by kinetic energy is called ___.
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heat
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Heat is transferred in these three ways
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Conduction, convection, and thermal radiation
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___ ___ is the primary way to cool off the xray tube.
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thermal radiation
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evenly distributes heat.
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convection
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is molecular agitation (touching).
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conduction
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are the smallest particles of an element
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atoms
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cannot be divided or broken by chemical means.
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atoms
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A substance that cannot be broken down without changing its chemical makeup is an ___.
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element
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A compound is two or more
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elements
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are the smallest units of a compound that can exist by itself and retain all its properties
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molecules
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Electrons, protons, and neutrons are known as ___
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funadmental particles
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Any particle smaller than an atom is known as a
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subatomic particle
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Atomic mass ___ is the mass of a neutral atom of an element.
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units
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Atomic mass ___ is the number of protons plus the number of neutrons in the nucleus.
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numbers
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There are ___ naturally occurring elements.
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92
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A chemical element is determined by its number of
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protons
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Dalton atoms are combined by a ___ and ___ arrangement.
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Hook, eye
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___ created the periodic table in order of increasing atomic mass.
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Mendelev
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Thomson atom identified ___ ___ as part of an atom.
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Cathode rays
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The formula to calculate the maximum number of electrons permitted in each shell is ___.
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2n (2) spuared.. You take the number and square it forst then multiply it by 2
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K 1
L 2 M 3 N 4 O 5 P 6 Q 7 |
electron shells
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Having an equal number of electrons and protons makes an atom
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neutral
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The closer an electron is to the nucleus, the stronger its ___ ___ also known as strength of attachment.
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binding energy
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Binding energy is important to ionization because larger atoms require ___ energy in order to ___.
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more, ionize
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The “Z” number is the same as the ___ number and the number of ___.
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atomic protons
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The “A” number is atomic mass which is the number of ___ PLUS the number of ___.
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protons and neutrons
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An ___ is an atom with the same number of protons but different number of neutrons.
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isotopes
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An ___ has the same mass number, but different atomic numbers.
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isobar
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An ___ has the same number of neutrons, but different protons.
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isotone
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___ have the same atomic number and same mass number at different energy states.
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isomers
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___ occurs when atoms with unstable nucleus are present.
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RADIOACTIVITY
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Atoms undergoing decay are called
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radioisotopes
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The disintegration of radioisotopes is known as ___
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radioactive decay
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When a nucleus ejects and electron making a neutron to change into a proton then changing the atomic number is called ___ ___.
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beta emmision
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When a nucleus ejects two ___ and two ___ changing the element from one atom to another it is called ___ ___.
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protons, neutron. Alpha emmission
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The ___ is the source of gamma radiation
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nucleus
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Radioactive ___-___ means the time needed for an amount of radiation to reduce to ½ its value
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half life
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The difference between gamma rays and xrays is ___. Gamma rays are emitted from the ___, while xrays are produced in the ___ ___ outside the nucleus.
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Origin, nucleus, electron shells
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If you have 200 curies (ci) of amandarium with a half-life of 12 days, then how many days will it take to have 6.25 curies (ci) left?
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12 days = 100 ci
24 days = 50 ci 36 days =25 ci 48 days = 12.5 ci 60 days = 6.25 ci |
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Alpha particles have a ___ charge and ___ mass, while beta particles have ___ or ___ charge and a ___ mass.
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Positive, 4amu, positive, negative, zero
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Gamma rays have ___ mass and ___ charge.
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zero zero
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