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29 Cards in this Set
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- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Newton's laws of motion (0029)
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(1687, Summation of Dynamics)
First: Law of Inertia: An object at rest stays at rest unless acted upon by a net force; ditto an object in motion. Second: F=ma. Net force acting on an object causes the object to accelerate. F SI is Newton = 1kgxm/s^2 Mass is a scalar quantity, resists acceleration. A measure of matter in an object. Third: To every action there is an equal and opposite reaction. Subtle. A falling brick exerts a downward force (acceleration is -9.8) on Earth which causes an opposite force upwards. |
velocity
inertia: fundamental property : tendency of an object to stay at rest. |
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relationship between mass and inertia (0029)
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mass is a function of matter's resistance to being accelerated, or inertia.
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the difference between mass and weight (0029)
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weight is a measure of the gravitational force on an object
Newton's second law F=ma. A = gravity. Weights are different in space vs on earth. Mass Newtons; Weight kg. |
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the vector nature of force, displacement, velocity, and acceleration (0029)
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vector: magnitude and direction (vs scalar quantity) (examples: velocity, acceleration, force, momentum).
displacement: direction and magnitude; vector quantity. (vs distance, path the object travels. velocity: change in displacement/ change in time in a direction. Instantaneous velocity assumes small time value (roughly speed) acceleration: change in velocity over time |
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characteristics of force, work, and power (0029)
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Force: a push or pull that will change the velocity of an object
work: scalar SI J joules = N x meters (e.g., Force of 10 N; box moves 5 m; Work is 50 Nm) Power: rate work is done SI Watts W where W = 1 J/seconds |
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the motion of an object in terms of speed, velocity, acceleration, inertia, and momentum (0029)
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speed= distance/time
velocity=displacement/time acceleration= change in velocity/time inertia: simple (not rotational inertia) just mass. momentum: mass x velocity (can rewrite Newton's second law in terms of momentum. Force = change in momentum over time.) |
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distance-versus-time graphs (0029)
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distance/time = speed
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types and characteristics of simple machines (0029)
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lever: pivot or fulcrum can be between the effort and the load (hammer, pliers) or on the end next to the effort (tweezers, fishing pole) or on the end next to the load (stapler, wheelbarrow)
pulleys: changes the force direction to lessen the effort needed to pull a load inclined planes less effort over longer distance: mechanical advantage: length/height wedge: active twin of inclined plane. moves. can cut or separate, two build a vertical force. |
effort force needed or applied
load weigjt to be lifted ways to trade distance for force or vice versa |
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the concept of conservation of energy (0030)
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Energy is neither created nor destroyed
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forms of energy (e.g., mechanical, light, thermal, electrical, nuclear) (0030)
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Kinetic
electricity: movement of electrons radiant: (light, solar) movement of photons thermal: movement of atoms and molecules motion: movement of objects sound: force causing object to vibrate Potential: Chemical: stored in bonds (biomass, gas) Mechanical: force applied to things like springs and rubber bands Nuclear: stored in nucleus of atom gravitational: position--- (hydropower) |
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the classification of energy as kinetic or potential (0030)
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Kinetic movement
Potential stored |
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the relationship between kinetic and potential energy (0030)
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one can turn into the other
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processes of energy transfer and conversion (0030)
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linear momentum = mass velocity (if mass increases, momentum is conserved, requiring velocity to go down)
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elastic and inelastic collisions (0030)
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elastic (pool balls) kinetic energy transferred to other object as kinetic energy
inelastic (fly on windshield, sticks) kinetic energy is changed into other forms of energy (light, sound |
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the concepts of entropy and thermodynamics (0030)
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0th law: heat flows from hot to cold
1st law: law of conservation of energy (Heat) 2nd law: Heat is lost.. Entropy: ordered systems fall into disorder. (This law gives time direction.) 3rd law: impossible to cool down to absolute zero. |
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transverse and longitudinal waves (0031)
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transverse: water or string oscillates up and down while trasmitting a wave horizontally
longitudinal: sound air (medium) oscillates back and forth |
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characteristics (e.e., amplitude, wavelength, frequency) of waves and oscillations (0031)
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amplitude max displacement from equilibrium
wavelength = both crest and trough cycles (2cycles) cycle: each return to starting point frequency cycles per second Hertz 1 Hz = 1 cycle/s |
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the relationship of wave characteristics to wave speed and wave energy (0031)
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wave speed = wavelength x frequency
frequency = 1/period wave Energy proportional to Amplitude squared |
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the relationship between wave characteristics and properties of sound (e.g., loudness, pitch) and light (color, intensity) (0031)
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sound: standing waves with integral number of nodes in between (sum is harmonic series)
loudness = amplitude pitch: inversely proportional to wavelength; higher frequency (shorter wavelengths) means higher light: electromagnetic waves speed of light 3.00 x 10^8; dependent variables: wavelength and frequency color: wavelength of light intensity: square of amplitude |
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wave interactions (0031)
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superposition
destructive interference (passes through) constructive interference (doubles) |
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the properties and behavior of sound and light waves in various media (0031)
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waves move through different materials at different speed. Sound faster through more dense things (water); light depends....refractive indices...
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what are these various media of which you speak?
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phenomena related to light and the behavior of light in various situations (e.g., refraction, diffraction, dispersion) (0031)
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refraction: bending of light between different media
diffraction: bending of light to show interference pattern in single media dispersion: white light is dispersed when it enters a prism and is refracted at different wavelengths assd with different colors (rainbow) |
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characteristics and properties of the electromagnetic spectrum (0031)
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low frequency, long wavelength
radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible spectrum red orange ....violet, ultraviolet, x rays, gamma rays high frequency, short wavelength |
remind about low freq long wave....high freq short wave
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the properties and formation of static electricity (0032)
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mechanically picking up electrons creating a negative charged body which repel each other (thus hair stands on end)
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characteristics of electron flow and electrical current (0032)
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electrons move from negative to positive and then back to negative again
current is amount of electrons/time |
not clear
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characteristics and components (e.g., batteries, resistors) of simple electric circuits (0032)
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new information!
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the interpretation of electric circuit diagrams (0032)
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lord.
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characteristics of magnets and magnetic fields (0032)
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magnets produce magnetic field which is a force which pulls on other ferromagnetic materials (metals other than aluminum); attracts or repels.
moment north and south pole dipole moment magnetic field: vector field which shows direction and magnitude with SI units of tesla |
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principles of electromagnetism (0032)
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aha.
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