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98 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
The electromagentic waves having the highest speed in free spaces? |
None. Gamma, light, and radio waves all have the same speed. |
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The smallest portion of the elctromagnetic spectrum is? |
visible light |
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What are materials that clearly transmit visible light? |
transparent |
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What are the principle differences between a radio wave and light? Between an x-ray? |
Radio waves have a lower frequency and longer wavelength than visible light. Light waves have lower frequency and longer wavelength than x-rays. |
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If an atom is excited, what has it boosted? |
Electrons |
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What is the energy of a photon directly proportional to? |
Frequency. Energy of photon = frequency. |
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What is the energy level of an outer shell compared to the inner shells? |
The outer shells have a higher energy level. |
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How does the energy of a photon relate to energy levels? |
The difference between energy levels is equal to the energy of the photon. |
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Which has the higher frequency: red or blue light? Which has the great energy per photon: red or blue light? |
Blue light has a higher frequency than red. Blue light has a greater energy per photon than red. |
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Which puts out the greater percentage of its energy as visible light: an incandescent lamp or a mercury vapor lamp? How is the remaining non-visible light energy emitted? |
Mercury vapor lamp puts out a greater amount of energy as visible light. Incandescent lamps emit more light in the infrared |
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what is h in the equation, E=hf |
h is the proportionality constant |
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what does a photon act as when traveling? |
a wave |
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what compromises the least radiation in our everyday environment |
nuclear power plants |
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Which of these ejects into the atmosphere the greatest amount of dangerous radiation? |
coal fired power plants |
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If a certain isotope has a radioactive half-life or 10 yrs, how much of the isotope will remain at the end of 20 yrs? |
quarter life |
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An element that undergoes radioactive decay becomes? |
An entirely different element |
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Carbon 14 in the atmosphere is transformed from? |
Nitrogen |
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All of the uranium in today’s deposits in the future will become? |
Lead |
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What kind of force pushes particles in the atomic nucleus apart? |
Electric Force |
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The energy released by nuclear fission is in accord with the celebrated equation? |
E=mc^2 |
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Which element cannot produce energy by fission of fusion? |
Iron |
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Which body glows with electromagnetic waves? |
sun, earth, people |
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Waves emitted by the sun and terrestrial wave emissions are? |
The same except for their frequencies and wavelengths |
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The planet Earth loses heat primarily by? |
radiation |
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Glass in a florist’s greenhouse acts as a one-way valve in that it? |
High frequency light comes in, and low frequency radiation is prevented from escaping |
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If there were no greenhouse effect, Earth’s avg. temp would likely be? |
-18 degrees C |
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Which is the most abundant greenhouse gas in the Earth’s atmosphere? |
Water Vapor |
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Looking forward, common consensus will likely agree that the wisest use of fossil fuels is to? |
Save them for tomorrows materials |
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when we can change the compositions of the atmosphere we likely also change? |
average temp, climate, reflectivity, transparency |
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If the composition of the upper atmosphere were altered to permit a greater amount of terrestrial radiation to escape, earth would be? |
Cooler. Allowing more radiation to escape is going to cause cooling. |
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Long ago a runaway greenhouse effect transformed the planet? |
Venus |
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What are the 3 possible fates of neutrons in uranium metal? |
escape, fission of U-235, absorbed by U-238 |
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Which element typically undergoes a chain reaction? |
U-235 |
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Why doesn’t a chain reaction normally occur in uranium mines? |
only a small amount of natural uranium is able to fission U-235, so released neutrons do not trigger another fission |
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Why is a chain reaction more likely to occur in a big piece of uranium than in a small piece? |
in a big piece, the neutrons are more likely to strike another nucleus before exiting the piece |
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What is meant by the idea of a critical mass? |
a mass that is large enough that the nucleus will hit another nucleus before exiting the mass. |
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What are the 4 main components of a fission reactor? |
fuel, rod, moderator, fluid |
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What isotope is produced when U-238 absorbs a neutron? |
U-239 |
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In what way is a nuclear reactor similar to a conventional fossil-fuel plant? |
They both boil water to make steam |
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Which ions of like charge and equal speed are least deflected in a mass spectrometer? |
the more massive ions |
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In which element is the mass per nucleon greatest? Least? |
Hydrogen is the greatest mass per nucleon, iron is the least mass per nucleon. |
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what is the range of visible light |
380-770 nm |
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T/F longer wavelengths reach smaller frequencies |
true |
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why is the period of osciliation larger for longer wavelengths |
the period of oscilation is longer for longer WL because the speed of light is constant. |
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What is the visbility of UV light (300 nm) |
invisible |
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what range is a photon with 1 nm in? |
x-ray/gamma ray range |
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what range is a photon with 1000 nm or 1 micrometer |
infrared |
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what range is a photon with 1 million nm or 1 mm |
microwave |
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at 300 kelvin, what does earths surface emit |
infrared |
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how does little water and no CO2 impact infrared |
makes it less |
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IR photos may be absorbed by CO2, which then warms up what molecules |
N2 |
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a nucleus with 10 amu and a nucleus with 12 amu form exactly 22 amu, E=MC^2 is generated in the process. T/F? |
false |
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T/F: the ozone layer is at about 1.6 km height |
false |
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T/F: ozone is made of 3 oxygen atoms |
truuuuu |
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T/F: ozone is never found at ground level |
tru |
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T/F: ozone is a stable molecule that blocks UV and never breaks, if not for CFCs. |
false |
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T/F: ozone molecules are bokren if a catalyst like chlorine is interacting with them |
tru |
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alpha, beta, omicron are types of radiations, T/F: |
false |
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T/F: gamma radiation is made of protons, light particles |
tru |
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T/F: Beta radiation may turn a proton into a neutron |
tru |
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T/F: iron nuclei may merge w/ krypton to form U-235 in the process fo creating a huge blast |
false |
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T/F: atomic bombs were made from a few kg of uranium |
tru |
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T/F: fission is the process of splitting heavy nuclei into smaller pieces, as long as energy is produced |
tru |
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T/F: if the products of a split nuclei as less than the original mass, it becomes energy |
false af |
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T/F: the merging of two small nuceli may result in energy producting |
tru |
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T/F: the merging of small nuceli to produce larger masses was a process used for H bombs |
true |
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fusion reactors are the largest productors of energy in the world |
false |
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T/F: the power of an explosive device is in watts |
tru |
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In small nuclear device is made3 of gasoline bomb and lead it will (made of 1 kg?) |
will not have a nuclear explosion |
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If you only use oil for energy we will solve the world’s economic problems by 2018. T/F: |
false |
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The reason we haven’t built fusion nuclear so far is? |
we do not know how to create controlled fusion, uncontrolled fusion leads to H bombs. |
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When interference of waves happens on the screen we see dark and bright stripes. When one photon at a time hits the screen we see? |
dark and bright stripes |
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Wave’s interference is when a wave crest and another crest form a bigger crest “bright spots”, and crests and troughs? |
they cancel each other out |
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A “potential well” represents a molecule. More “loops” represent? |
a higher energy level |
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The reason uranium fission releases energy is that? |
the 92 protons in U hate each other |
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How many calories are needed per day? For a submarine?? |
2 billion kcal |
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Marie and Pierre Curie’s hypothesis was that the rays that developed the film near Becquerel’s uranium were? |
a new kind of radiation |
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Maries and Pierre Curie proved that uranium was producing high energy radiation by? |
measuring small currents in ionized gas near U |
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-What are the 3 types of radiation? |
alpha, beta, gamma |
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what is the horizontal acceleration of a projectile? |
none, no force or a on a horizontal plane |
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what is the acceleration of a baseball with no air resistance |
Downward 9.8m/s ^2 |
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When a satellite travels at a constant speed, the shape of its path is? |
circle |
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NASA can’t load all observatories on one spaceship because? |
the weight would be too large |
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There are some types of radiation that can’t be measured from Earth’s surface because? |
the radiation cannot penetrate earth's atmosphere |
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Venus mission discovered that? |
high temp, flowing lava on the surface, sulfuric acid in higher altitude |
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Many optical instruments such as lenses and mirrors were invented by? |
archimedes, sahl, alhazen |
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The speed of light through stellar aberrations was found because? |
Bradley was trying to find the parallax of nearby stars |
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Rainbows were explained by? |
Theodoric, Farisi, Descartes, young |
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“Black Body” radiation peak can tell you what about the source? |
the temperature of the source |
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kelvins to C |
273.15 |
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kelvins to F |
460 |
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If an electron vibrates up and down 1000 times each second, it generates and electromagnetic eave with a? |
the electron would emit a wave with 1000 Hz |
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The electromagnetic spectrum spans waves ranging from lowest to highest frequencies. The smallest portion of the electromagnetic spectrum is that of? |
visible light |
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Mixing red, green and blue light overlap to form? |
white light |
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Which has less energy per photon? |
red |
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Excitation is the process in which? |
electrons are boosted to higher energy levels in an atom |
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Most of what we know about atoms is gained by investigating the? |
the light they emit. how lit they are. |
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An atom that absorbs a photon can then emit one? |
only at the same or lower energy |