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54 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What relationship(s) is/are described by the equation of continuity?
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The equation of continuity describes the relationship between cross-sectional area and flow velocity of a fluid.
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cgs unit of pressure
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Dyne/cm^2
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cgs unit of force
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Dyne
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cgs unit of friction
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Poise
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Name the flow:
Fluid flow is very organized with layers of fluid flowing parallel to the walls of the vessel. |
Laminar
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Name the flow:
Flow velocity is highest near the centre of the vessel, and gets gradually slower towards the edges of the vessel. |
Laminar
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Name the flow:
Fluid flow is disorganized, with eddies and small discrete portions of the fluid flowing in different directions. |
Turbulent
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Name the flow:
In general, flow velocity is uniform from the walls of the vessel right through the centre of the vessel. |
Turbulent
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Relates flow rate to the pressure change along a vessel.
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Poiseuille’s Law
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What's the Poiseuille's Law formula, roughly?
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Q = pi*r^4*Δp/8(mu)L
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1 mol of gas occupies ___ at STP
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22.4 L
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a relationship that always holds true for gases as long as they do not undergo any chemical interations/reactions.`
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Universal gas constant
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THE BUBBLE LAW
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La Place's Law
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The sum of partial pressures in a gaseous mixture is equal to the total pressure of the mixture
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Dalton's Law
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1 metre^3 = how many litres?
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1000
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In liquids, viscosity is caused by short range _______ ______
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cohesive forces (attractive forces b/w molecules)
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In gases, viscosity is caused by _________ between molecules
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collisions
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For liquids, as temperature increases, viscosity:
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decreases
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For liquids, as temperature decreases, viscosity:
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increases
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For gases, as temperature increases, viscosity:
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increases
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For gases, as temperature decreases, viscosity:
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decreases
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For laminar flow, the flow immediately beside the wall approaches
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zero
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The main equation with the Re is called the
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Reynolds Equation
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Which unit system do you use for the Reynolds equation?
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Doesn't matter, as long as it's consistent. The Reynolds number is dimensionless.
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Higher density blood will have a ______ Reynolds number
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higher
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Vessels with _______ diameters can sustain laminar flow at higher velocities
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smaller
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According to_______, there must be something driving water to overcome friction
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Poiseuille
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Poiseuille's Law is calculated using what type of units?
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cgs
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Describes the relationship between flow-rate and velocity
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Flow-rate equation
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Greater than normal atmospheric pressure
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Hyperbaric
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Lower than normal absolute pressure (relative to 1 atm)
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Hypobaric
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Greater than normal partial pressures of oxygen gas are delivered to a patient
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Hyperbaric
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Lower than normal partial pressures of oxygen gas are received by a patient
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Hypobaric
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According to _______ Law, the partial pressure of each gas in the mixture is the pressure it would exert if it occupied the entire volume alone
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Dalton's Law
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The fractional concentration of oxygen present or being delivered to a patient
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FO2
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The fractional concentration of oxygen inspired by the patient and measured at the _____
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FIO2; carina
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The area at the end of the trachea where the airway divides into right and left bronchi
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Carina
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Attractive/repulsive forces b/w molecules
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Vanderwaal's forces
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What are the two Vanderwaal's forces (ignoring London forces)
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Dipole-dipole, hydrogen bonding
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Attractive forces between similar molecules
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Cohesion
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Attractive forces between unlike molecules
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Adhesion
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The net inward force on the surface molecules causes the surface of a liquid to contract and resist being stretched or broken --- a property called:
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surface tension
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Surface tension acts to _______ the total exposed surface area of a fluid
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minimize
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What is the unit of surface tension?
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N/m or dynes/cm
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Surface tension is the amount of _______ required to increase the surface area of the fluid by ______
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energy (Joules); one unit
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What forms are there of La Place's law
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for a sphere or droplet or for a bubble
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High surface tension would ______ the work of breathing
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increase
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High surface tension would act to ________ the surface area of our lungs, and our lungs would tend to _______
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decrease; collapse
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How do our lungs prevent surface tension from killing us all?
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PULMONARY SURFACTANT
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What is surfactant?
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Mostly phospholipid with some protein, produced by a type 2 cell
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What type of therapy can further exacerbate ARDS?
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Oxygen therapy
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What do we assume about ideal gases
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no interactions between molecules
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when heat is transferred from one object to another, they are said to be in ________ ______
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thermal contact
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If two objects are in thermal contact without any net heat transfer, they are in:
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thermal equilibrium
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