Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Mass
|
Amount or quantity of matter. Is * different* from weight.
(kg) |
|
|
Length
|
Distance traveled by light. meters per second (m/s). based on speed of light = 3.0 x 10^8 m/s
|
|
|
Time
|
seconds (s)
|
|
|
What are the 8 derived Quantities?
|
velocity, acceleration, force, weight, momentum, work, power, energy
"Veronica Always Fears When Matt Wants Physics Explained" |
|
|
Velocity
|
speed
v = d / t where d=distance and t=time |
|
|
Velocity (speed) of light
|
c = 3.0 X 10^8 m/s
|
|
|
Acceleration
|
change in speed/velocity over time
m/s squared |
|
|
Newton's 1st law
|
Law of Inertia
object has constant velocity unless acted on by an external force |
|
|
Newton's 2nd law
|
Law of Force
F = m X a |
|
|
Newton's 3rd law
|
Law of Action/Reaction
for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction |
|
|
Force
|
F = m X a
where F=force, m=mass, a=acceleration SI unit = Newton (N) |
|
|
Weight
|
force on a body caused by the downward pull of gravity on it
SI unit = (g) g = 9.8 m/s (squared) g = 32 ft/s (squared) |
|
|
Momentum
|
p = m X v
|
|
|
Work
|
W = F X d
SI unit=joule (J) |
|
|
Power
|
rate of doing work
P = Work/t = Fd/t SI unit = J/s J/s = W (watt) |
|
|
Energy
|
-ability to do work
-may be transferred from one form to another -can not be created or destroyed -two forms used in x-ray: kinetic and potential |
|
|
Kinetic energy
|
motion
KE= 1/2(mv)^2 |
|
|
Potential energy
|
stored energy
PE= mgh where h is the distance above the earth's surface |
|
|
thermal energy
|
heat
SI unit = calorie |
|
|
Temperature measurements
|
C = Celsius
f = Fahrenheit k = Kelvin |
|
|
Exposure Dose
|
energy from tube to object (IR)
Air Kerma (Gya) aka R (Roentgen) |
|
|
Dose
|
What patient receives
Gray (Gyt) aka Rad |
|
|
Effective Dose
|
what radiographer receives?
Sievert (Sv) aka Rem |
|
|
Radioactivity
|
Bequerel (Bq)
aka Curie (Ci) |
|
|
When were x-rays discovered?
|
November 8, 1895
|
|
|
First death from x-rays?
|
Clarence Dally (1904)
|
|
|
What happened in 1901?
|
Roentgen receives first Nobel Prize in Physics
|
|
|
What happened in 1973?
|
First MRI and first CT happen separately
|
|
|
What was the name of the equipment that Roentgen was playing with when he discovered x-rays?
|
Crookes Tube
|
|
|
What substance did Roentgen have lying around that reacted to the Crookes tube he was experimenting with for the first x-ray?
|
Barium platinocyde
|
|
|
What type of energy is an x-ray?
|
Electromagnetic energy
|
|
|
What type of radiation is an x-ray?
|
Ionization energy
|
|
|
What are the 3 types of natural environment radiation?
|
1. Cosmic rays (from sun and stars)
2. Terrestrial radiation (from deposits of uranim, thorium, and radon gas) 3. Internally deposited radionuclides (potassium-40) |
|
|
What is ALARA?
|
Keeping radiation "As Low as Reasonably Achievable"
|
|
|
How to minimize exposure?
|
Filtration, Collimation, Intensifying screens, Protective apparel, Gonadal shielding, and Protective barriers
|
|
|
Inverse square law
|
used when solving distance problems (OID/SID)
i1/i2 = ( d2/d1 ) ^2 cross multiply |
|
|
Adding fractions
|
x/y = a/b ==> ( xb+ay ) / yb
|
|
|
Multiplying fractions
|
x/y x a/b => xa/yb
|
|
|
Dividing fractions
|
x/y divided by a/b ==> xb/ya
|
|
|
What is physics?
|
Science of matter and energy and the interactions between the two.
|
|
|
What are the forms of energy?
|
Potential - potential to do work
Kinetic - movement Chemical - reactions Electrical - electrons in motion Thermal - heat Nuclear - within atom Electromagnetic - transfer of energy waves (x-rays) |
|
|
12 Properties of x-rays
|
1. Highly penetrating photons
2. Electrically neutral 3. Polyenergetic and heterogenous 4. Release thermal energy 5. Travel in straight lines 6. Travel at speed of light 7. Can ionize matter 8. Can cause fluorescence 9. Can't be focused by lens 10. Expose photographic film 11. Capable of changing matter thru excitation and ionization 12. Produce scatter |
