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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Electrical Force Principle #1
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All electrical charges attract or repel one another: Like charges repel, while opposite charges attract.
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Electrical Force Principle #2
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The force between charged objects is directly proportional to the amount of electrical charge on each object.
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Electrical Force Principle #3
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The force between charged objects is inversely proportional to the square of the distance between the two objects.
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What are two differences between force caused by gravity and electricity?
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Electrical force is much stronger. Gravitational force always attracts, while electrical force can attract or repel.
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photon
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A small "package" of light that acts like a particle.
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How is electrical force generated?
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Through the exchange of photons between charged particles.
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charging by conduction
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Charging an object by allowing it to come into contact with an object that already has an electrical charge. Results in the same charge as the object that was already charged.
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charging by induction
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Charging an object without direct contact between the object and a charge. Results in the opposite charge as the object that was already charged.
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What are the two parts of a battery?
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One side of the battery has chemicals that want to gain electrons (+) and the other side has chemicals that would like to give electrons away (-). When connected by a material that conducts electrons, current will flow from the negative side to the positive side.
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voltage
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How hard a battery "pushes" electrons. This is a measure of how much energy the electrons have.
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electrical current
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The amount of charge that travels past a fixed point in an electric circuit each second. Measured in Amperes or amps.
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What two things do you need to know about particular electrical circuit?
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The energy of the individual electrons (volts) and how many electrons are flowing, which is current (amps.)
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In an electrical circuit diagram, how are the respective ends of a battery shown?
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The positive end is shown by a long line, and the negative end by a shorter line.
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In what direction is current shown flowing in a conventional circuit?
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Despite the fact that current actually flows from negative to positive terminals of a battery, convention dictates that current be drawn flowing from positive to negative.
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conventional current
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Current that flows from the positive side of the battery to the negative side. This is the way current is drawn in circuit diagrams, even though it is wrong.
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resistance
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The ability of a material to impede the flow of charge.
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What are 3 factors that determine the resistance of a particular circuit?
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1. Type of metal.
2. Length of metal (longer gives higher resistance.) 3. Width of metal (wider gives lower resistance.) |
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When electrons traveling through a wire run into the atoms of the wire, what is produced?
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Heat and/or light. How much of each is produced is determined by the type of metal.
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open circuit
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A circuit that does not have a complete connection between the two sides of the power source. As a result, current does not flow.
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series circuit
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A circuit in which there is only one path from the negative to the positive end of the power source. If any lights or devices in this type of circuit break the circuit, none of the devices will work.
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parallel circuit
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A circuit where there is more than one path for electrons to flow. If a device in this type of circuit breaks, the other devices can still function, as there is still a complete path for the electrons to follow.
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Why are some materials magnetic, while others are not?
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In magnetic materials, a few of the individual atoms are able to align with each other so that their electrons flow in the same direction. Nonmagnetic materials cannot align their atoms. The motion of the individual electrons in individual atoms mimics an electrical field.
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How do the poles of a magnet interact with other magnets?
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Like magnetic poles repel one another, while opposite magnetic poles attract one another.
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Is it possible to have a magnet with just one pole?
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No. If you cut a bar magnet in half, each half will generate the opposite pole on the cut end. Magnets are dipoles.
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What determines the strength of a magnet?
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The percentage of its atoms that are aligned. Actually, only a small percentage of atoms are ever aligned. The larger this number, the stronger the magnet.
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