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45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Define chemistry
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The study of matter, its properties, and interactions with other types of matter.
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Define element
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A pure substance made of one type of particle.
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Define periodic table
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An organized table of all the known elements that exist in our universe.
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Define ductile
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Able to be made into wire.
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Define malleable
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Able to be hammered into flat sheets.
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Define conductor
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The ability to conduct or transmit heat, electricity, or sound.
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Define fission
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The action of dividing or splitting something into two or more parts.
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Define fusion
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The reaction in which two atoms of hydrogen combine together, or fuse, to form an atom of helium.
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Define valence electrons
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The electrons in the outermost level. They allow elements to bond and make chemical reactions.
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Define periodic family
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A column of elements that have similar properties.
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Define periods
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A row on the periodic table.
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Define critical mass
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Mass greater than a certain amount.
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What is a chain reaction?
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A self-sustaining reaction in which the products of one reaction event stimulate further reaction events.
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List the path of energy transfers in a nuclear reactor.
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Reactor, heat exchanger, turbine, generator, transformer.
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How does a nuclear fission bomb work?
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It receives its power from the release of nuclear energy by fission.
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How does a fusion bomb work?
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It receives its energy from nuclear fusion.
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What is an example of a fission bomb?
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Uranium-235
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What is an example of a fusion bomb?
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Hydrogen
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What type of bomb dropped in Hiroshima?
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A fission bomb.
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What type of bomb was dropped in Nagasaki?
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A fission bomb.
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Where does fusion occur?
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The Sun and the stars.
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How does fusion work?
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Two atoms of hydrogen combine together to form an atom of helium.
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What is uranium-235?
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The main isotope used in nuclear fission.
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Explain the difference between fission and fusion.
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Fission is the action of dividing something while fusion is the action of combining something.
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What are properties of metals?
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Particles in metals are closely packed together, they have a high melting and boiling point, they are good conductors, they are malleable, and they are ductile.
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What are properties of nonmetals?
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Particles and nonmetals are more spread apart, they have a low melting and boiling point, and they are poor conductors.
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What is the atomic mass?
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The amount of protons and neutrons in an atom.
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What is the atomic number?
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The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom.
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What family are the alkali metals in?
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Family 1
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What family are the transition metals in?
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Families 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, and 12
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What family are the halogens in?
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Family 17
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What family are the noble gases in?
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Family 18
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What family are the rare earth metals in?
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No family
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What family are the radioactive metals in?
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No family
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What are the major characteristics of the alkali metals?
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There are 6 elements in the family. They are metals, easy to melt, soft, an extremely reactive to water and air.
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What are the major characteristics of transition metals?
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There are 36 elements in the family. They are metals, hard, strong, lustrous, good conductors, have high melting and boiling points, and they rust.
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What are the major characteristics of halogens?
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There are 5 elements in the family. They are nonmetals, extremely reactive, extremely poisonous, never found in pure form on earth, poor conductors, and there are two gases, one liquid, and two solids.
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What are the major characteristics of noble gases?
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There are 6 elements in the family. They are nonmetals, non-reactive with other elements, tasteless, colorless, odorless, and they glow when electricity goes through their atoms.
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What are the major characteristics of rare earth metals?
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There are 17 elements in the family. They are metals, soft, good conductors, hard to extract from the earth, and necessary for modern technology.
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What are the main characteristics of radioactive metals?
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There are 15 elements in the family. They are metals, all radioactive, and extremely reactive.
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What is a family?
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A column of elements that have similar properties.
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What is a period?
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A row on the periodic table.
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How many valence electrons does family 1 have? Family 2? Family 13? Family 14? Family 15? Family 16? Family 17? Family 18?
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Family 1 has 1 valence electron. Family 2 has 2 valence electrons. Family 13 has 3 valence electrons. Family 14 has 4 valence electrons. Family 15 has 5 valence electrons. Family 16 has 6 valence electrons. Family 17 has 7 valence electrons. Family 18 has 8 valence electrons.
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How many levels in the cloud does period 1 have? Period 2? Period 3? Period 4? Period 5? Period 6? Period 7?
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Period 1 has 1 level. Period 2 has 2 levels. Period 3 has 3 levels. Period 4 has 4 levels. Period 5 has 5 levels. Period 6 has 6 levels. Period 7 has 7 levels.
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How do you determine the number of neutrons an atom has?
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The mass number minus the atomic number.
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