Physical Science Final

Front 1

1st Law of Motion

Back 1

state of uniform motion will stay that way until acted upon by another force

Front 2

Uniform Motion

Back 2

doesn't change speed or direction

Front 3

2nd Law

Back 3

Force = mass x acceleration

Front 4

3rd Law

Back 4

same type of force, just gravity or just contact force--two objects always have the same force--nothing can exert a force on itself

Front 5

Going up in the elevator

Back 5

contact force has to go up

Front 6

Between floors in an elevator

Back 6

at constant speed

Front 7

Slowing down in an elevator

Back 7

forces change, contact force decreases, gravity is winning

Front 8

When do you have the most kinetic energy in an elevator?

Back 8

when you're between floors

Front 9

Centripetal force

Back 9

a force sideways to the motion of an object. Centripetal forces cause objects to turn toward the center of a circle (why moon goes round the earth--one force action, gravity)

Front 10

Gravity: Why does everything fall at the same rate?

Back 10

everything falls at the same rate in a vacuum. Gravity doesn't act the same on every object, because gravity is dependent on mass. If a cannon ball and and marble fall in the vacuum, they have the same speed and acceleration. Gravity is working more on the cannonball because of the weight. The marble is easier to accelerate.

Front 11

What does it mean when something is charged?

Back 11

electrons are moving around or are transferred (hair and ballon)

Front 12

What happens if you bring two charged balloons together?

Back 12

the electrical force goes up

Front 13

What happens if you bring a postively and negative charged balloon together?

Back 13

attraction and repulsion forces, electrical potential energy decreases

Front 14

buoyancy

Back 14

the weight of displaced fluids

Front 15

3 Things happen when you go near speed of light:

Back 15

1) they get short (length decreases)
2) they get fat (more massive)
3) they get slow (time slows down)

Front 16

conservation

Back 16

nothing is created or destroyed

Front 17

what happens to mass when it is conserved?

Back 17

it stays the same!

Front 18

What things are conserved?

Back 18

mass, charge, linear momentum, angular momentum, energy

Front 19

Energies can change, but...

Back 19

total energy will always be the same

Front 20

How does heat transfer?

Back 20

Conduction: the transmission of an electric charge or heat through a conducting medium without perceptible motion of the medium itself
Convection:energy is moved from place to place by being stored in matter as internal energy, then moving matter from place to place
Radiation: process by which energy is moved from one place to another in the form of light or related forms such as x, gamma, microwaves

Front 21

Mechanical Wave

Back 21

vibration in material that transports energy

Front 22

Longitudinal/compressional waves

Back 22

molecules vibrate in the same direction

Front 23

Transverse, shear waves

Back 23

vibrate at right angles

Front 24

Amplitude

Back 24

the maximum amount that a particle will displace from its normal, undisturbed position when a wave passes through it (if you change amp. of sound, you get volume, if you change amp. of light, you get brightness) HOW HIGH

Front 25

Wavelength

Back 25

distance between waves

Front 26

Frequency

Back 26

number of waves

Front 27

Wave speed

Back 27

how fast it travels

Front 28

Reflection

Back 28

bounces off surfaces

Front 29

Refraction

Back 29

act of changing direction when passing from one medium to another (pencil in water)

Front 30

Diffraction

Back 30

changing of waves to bend around corners and obstacles

Front 31

Send light through one slit

Back 31

diffraction (has to bend)

Front 32

Send light through two slits

Back 32

interference

Front 33

Molecular MOdel of matter

Back 33

tiny particles, different matter-different molecules, molecules are in constant motion, molecules obey laws

Front 34

Heisenberg uncertainty principle

Back 34

objects position and the uncertainty of its momentum

Front 35

5 Principles of Dating

Back 35

Superposition, Crosscutting, Inclusion, Horizontality, Phonal Succession

Front 36

Superposition

Back 36

bottom layer of rock is oldest

Front 37

Crosscutting

Back 37

the one that cuts across is youngest

Front 38

Inclusion

Back 38

older, chocolate chips in cookie

Front 39

Horizontality

Back 39

things are laid horizontally

Front 40

Phonal succession

Back 40

pattern of change in layers of rocks, use fossils to determine age

Front 41

How old a rock is:

Back 41

based on last time it melted

Front 42

Occam's razor

Back 42

use simplest explanation for something

Front 43

uniformatarianism

Back 43

laws don't change

Front 44

sedimentary rocks

Back 44

rivers pick up sediment

Front 45

igneus rocks

Back 45

from moten rock

Front 46

metamorphic rock

Back 46

evolved

Front 47

Youngest part of continent

Back 47

mountain

Front 48

Oldest part of continent

Back 48

shield--old mountain ranges that have eroded away

Front 49

Shear waves in the earth

Back 49

don't got through liquids (outer core), so you don't feel it

Front 50

Compessional waves in the earth

Back 50

refract when they hit liquid core (because they slow down when they change mediums)

Front 51

P-Waves

Back 51

compessional waves

Front 52

S-waves

Back 52

shear waves

Front 53

LIthosphere

Back 53

hard and rigid

Front 54

Asthenosphere

Back 54

mushy, near melting point

Front 55

Mesosphere

Back 55

playdough, harder than asthenosphere

Front 56

Magnetic field

Back 56

in earth, there's a magnet, so must be a current of electrons (which is in the outer core--liquid and moving around, creates current of electrons)

Front 57

Meteorites

Back 57

come fromm other planets--if they're the center, they must be ours, too