Physical Science Chapter 5

Front 1

What is the difference between a compound and a mixture?

Back 1

In a compound, the components (atoms) are combined CHEMICALLY. In a mixture the omponents are not combined chemically.

Front 2

Name FOUR ways covalent and ionic bonds are different.

Back 2

Types of atom involved (metals and nonmetals for ionic; nonmetals and nonmetals for covalent); ability to conduct electricity (yes for ionic; no for covalent); structure of compounds (network for ionic; molecules for covalent); movement of electrons (transferred for ionic; shared for covalent)

Front 3

What are two differences between compounds that exist as network structures and those that exist as molecules?

Back 3

Networks are stronger and have higher melting and boiling points than compounds that exist as molecules. Network structures are often held together by ionic bonds; molecules are held together by covalent bonds.

Front 4

Why do atoms form bonds?

Back 4

Atoms form bonds because they have unstable electron arrangements. They will gain, lose or share electrons in bonds so that they have a full valence shell and they are stable.

Front 5

A _____________________________ consists of two or more elements chemically bonded together. The attractive force that holds the atoms together is known as a ______________________________. Atoms tend to form bonds because their electron arrangement is ________________________. They will gain, lose, or share electrons until they have a _________________ outer energy level.

Back 5

A __compound__ consists of two or more elements chemically bonded together. The attractive force that holds the atoms together is known as a chemical bond. Atoms tend to form bonds because their electron arrangement is unstable. They will gain, lose, or share electrons until they have a full outer energy level.

Front 6

Metals tend to _________________ electrons while nonmetals tend to ______________ them. When a metal and a nonmetal form a bond, it is called an __________________________ bond. This type of bond involves a transfer of _________________________. The ions formed by this transfer have __________________ charges, so they are attracted to each other. The ions will combine in a ratio so that their total charge is _____________________. Compounds with these types of bonds do not exist as molecules, but form dense ______________________ structures. These compounds also conduct ______________________ when dissolved in water.

Back 6

Metals tend to lose electrons while nonmetals tend to gain them. When a metal and a nonmetal form a bond, it is called an _ionic_ bond. This type of bond involves a transfer of electrons. The ions formed by this transfer have opposite charges, so they are attracted to each other. The ions will combine in a ratio so that their total charge is neutral. Compounds with these types of bonds do not exist as molecules, but form dense network structures. These compounds also conduct electricity when dissolved in water.

Front 7

Nonmetals tend to form _______________________ bonds with other nonmetals. In this type of bond, electrons are ___________________________ by the atoms. Atoms will _________________________ electrons such that each atom has a total of _________________ (at least some of the time). Hydrogen, however, will be stable with only __________________ electrons.

Back 7

Nonmetals tend to form covalent bonds with other nonmetals. In this type of bond, electrons are shared by the atoms. Atoms will share electrons such that each atom has a total of eight(at least some of the time). Hydrogen, however, will be stable with only two electrons.

Front 8

Ionic bonds

Back 8

Name the type of bond (ionic or covalent) that would be formed between the following elements.

Front 9

Magnesium and oxygen

Back 9

ionic

Front 10

Oxygen and sulfur

Back 10

covalent

Front 11

Phosphorus and Iron

Back 11

ionic

Front 12

Phosphorus and chlorine

Back 12

covalent

Front 13

Chlorine and magnesium

Back 13

ionic

Front 14

Carbon and Hydrogen

Back 14

covalent

Front 15

Hydrogen and oxygen

Back 15

covalent

Front 16

Chemical Formulas

Back 16

Identify the types of bonds present in each of the following formulas and the write how many atoms of each element are present.

Front 17

C6H12O6

Back 17

Covalent; 6 C, 12 H, 6 O

Front 18

Mg3(PO4)2

Back 18

Both; 3 Mg, 2 P, 8 O

Front 19

Co(OH)3

Back 19

Both; 1 Co, 3 O, 3 H

Front 20

MgSO4

Back 20

Both; 1 Mg, 1 S, 4 O

Front 21

Writing Formulas

Back 21

Writing Formulas: Write the correct formula formed by the ions, and then correctly name the compound.

Front 22

Mg2+ and O2-

Back 22

MgO
magnesium oxide

Front 23

K+ and Br-

Back 23

KBr
potassium bromide

Front 24

Ba2+ and P3-

Back 24

Ba3P2
barium phosphide

Front 25

Li+ and O-

Back 25

Li2O
lithium oxide

Front 26

Ca2+ and S2-

Back 26

CaS
calcium sulfide

Front 27

Na+ and SO42-

Back 27

Na2SO4
sodium sulfate

Front 28

Ca2+ and NO2-

Back 28

Ca(NO2)2
calcium nitrite

Front 29

Rb+ and CO32-

Back 29

Rb2CO3
rubidium carbonate

Front 30

Al3+ and ClO2-

Back 30

Al(ClO2)3
aluminum chlorite