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46 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The scientific study of forces and motion. It consists of kinematics, dynamics and statics.
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Mechanics
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The science of describing how things move. It involves the measurements and calculations of position, time, velocity, acceleration, and displacement within a reference frame.
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Kinematics
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The study of how forces affect an object's motion. Newton's three laws of motion form the basis for this.
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Dynamics
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The description of how stationary objects react to pushes and pulls.
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Statics
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Part of the universe under study separated from its surroundings by an actual or imaginary boundary.
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System
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Everything outside a system's boundary.
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Surroundings
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The geometric space containing the reference point and coordinate axes from which a person observes or measures position and movement.
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Frame of reference
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An imaginary line that contains an origin as a point of reference and is marked off in distance units.
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Coordinate axis
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A span of time during which a phenomenon is observed, calculated by subtracting the initial time from the final time. Always a positive number.
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Interval
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Any measurable property, represented by an italicized symbol, that can be completely described by a single piece of information. It can be either positive, negative, or zero.
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scalar
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A measurable quantity, represented by a bold symbol, that requires two pieces of information to fully describe it
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Vector
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A positive scalar quantity representing the linear dimension a moving object covers during a time interval. It also may be the magnitude of displacement.
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distance
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A quantity that describes the net distance and direction of motion. It is always a vector quantity and is represented graphically by a vector arrow whose tail is at the starting point of motion and whose tip is the ending point.
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displacement
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The size of any quantity expressed as a positive number in appropriate units.
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magnitude
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The rate of motion of a system. It may also be the magnitude of velocity. It is always a scalar quantity.
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speed
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The average rate of motion over a time interval that accounts for variations in speed. It is a positive scalar quantity.
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average speed
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The rate of displacement of a system. It is always a vector quantity.
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Velocity
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The rate of change of the speed or velocity of a system during a time interval. It can either be a vector or scalar quantity.
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acceleration
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What is mechanics the study of?
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forces and motion
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______ is the branch of physics that deals with the action of force of action of bodies. It consists of _____, statics, and _______.
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mechanics
dynamics kinematics |
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Who tried to explain motion by determining why things move?
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Aristotle
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The early Greek philosopher Aristotle tried to explain _______ things moved.
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why
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Galileo proposed that we study _______ things move before we conclude ________ things moved.
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how
why |
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________ proposed that we study how things moved before we conclude why they move.
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Galileo
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________ is generally given credit as the pioneer in the modern study of mechanics.
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Newton
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Who is usually given credit as the pioneer in the modern study of mechanics.
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Newton
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Modern physics has divided the study of mechanics into what three parts?
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kinematics
dynamics statics |
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Which branch describes how things move?
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kinematics
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What is the branch of mechanics that describes why things move.
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Dynamics
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A system of reference points from which the position and motion of an object can be determined is referred to as the _______________________.
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Frame of reference
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What kind of quantities only have size?
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scalars
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Name some scalar quantities
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temperature, mass, time, volume, density, length, area, speed, energy.
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Things that have ______ as well as ________ are called vector quantities.
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size
direction |
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Name some vector quantities.
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velocity, force, momentum, position in space, acceleration
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The _______ moved in a given ________ is called displacement.
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distance
direction |
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Distance and displacement are identical quantities. (T or F)
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F
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Velocity and speed are the same. (T or F)
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F
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Speed in a specified direction is called __________.
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Velocity
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Distance divided by time defines ________.
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speed
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Displacement divided by time defines _______.
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Velocity
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Imagine that Bob ran around his school starting at the front doors. The total distance from start to finish in front of his school was 700 m. It took Bob 100 seconds to complete the run. What was his average speed? What was his average velocity?
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speed-7 m/s
velocity-0 m/s (his displacement was zero) |
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Acceleration is the technical name for speed. (T or F)
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F
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The rate of change of velocity in a given time interval is called __________.
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acceleration
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A negative change in acceleration is called_________
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Deceleration
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What is deceleration?
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a negative change in acceleration
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Can a car traveling cross-country have a constant velocity?
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no. speed limits change often and stop lights and bathroom brakes interfere and disrupt your velocity.
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