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68 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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science
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system of knowledge and the methods you use to find that knowledge
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technology
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use of knowledge to solve practical problems
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chemistry
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study of the composition, structure, properties, and reactions of matter
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physics
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study of matter and energy and the interactions between the two through forces and motion
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geology
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study of the origin, history, and structure of Earth
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astronomy
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study of the universe beyond Earth, including the moon, sun, planets and stars
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biology
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study of living things; also the study of the origin and behavior of living things
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what are the basic rules of nature?
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1. Space and Time
2. Matter and Change 3. Forces and Motion |
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What are the 3 branches of natural science?
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Physical science, Earth and space science, and life science
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Physical science
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focuses on non-living things
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what are the 2 main areas of physical science?
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chemistry and physics
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define earth science
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the application of physics and chemistry to the study of Earth
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What is the foundation of Earth science?
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geology
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What is the foundation of space science?
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astronomy
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what is the problem of subdividing science into different areas?
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the problem is that there is often overlap between them and the boundaries are not always clear
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what is the range of Earth and Space Science?
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geology, astronomy, meteorology, oceanography
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what is the range of Life Science?
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botany, zoology, ecology, genetics
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explain Space and Time
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the universe is both very old and very big
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explain Matter and Change
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a very small amount of the universe is matter. matter has volume and mass.
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explain Forces and Motion
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if you push something that is sitting still, it starts to move. if you push something that is already moving, you will change its motion. Forces cause changes in motion.
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can energy be transferred from one form or object to another?
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Yes, but it can never be destroyed
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True or False:
Energy exists in many forms. |
True
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True or False:
Moving objects have a kind of energy called kinetic energy. |
True
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What is potential energy?
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when objects move against a force
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Are science and technology interdependent?
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Yes. Advances in one lead to advances in the other
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How does the process of science start and end?
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it begins with curiosity and ends with discovery
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what is the relationship between science and technology?
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they are interdependent and advances in one lead to advances in the other
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what are the branches of natural science?
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physical science, earth and space science, life science
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scientific method
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an organized plan for gathering, organizing and communicating information
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observation
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information that you obtain through your senses
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hypothesis
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a proposed answer to a question
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manipulated variable
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the variable that causes a change in another
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responding variable
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the variable that changes in response to the manipulated variable
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controlled experiment
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an experiment in which only one variable, the manipulated variable, is deliberately changed in a time
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scientific theory
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a well-tested explanation for a set of observations or experimental results
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scientific law
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a statement that summarizes a pattern found in nature
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model
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representation, of an object or event
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what is the goal of a scientific method?
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is to solve a problem or to better understand an observed event
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how does a scientific law differ from a scientific theorgy?
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scientific law describes an observed patter in nature without attempting to explain it. The explanation of such a pattern is provided by a scientific theory.
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why are scientific models useful?
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they make it easier to understand things that might be too difficult to observe directly.
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What are 3 types of variables in a controlled experiment?
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manipulated variable, responding variable, other variables kept constant
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Does every scientific method begin with an observation?
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No. it varies case to case
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scientific notation
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a way of expressing a value as the product of a number between 1 and 10 and a power of 10
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length
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the straight-line distance between 2 points, is the meter (m)
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mass
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the quantity of matter in an object or sample, is the kilogram (kg)
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volume
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is the amount of space taken up by an object
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How man metric units is SI built upon?
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7, known as base units
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density
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the ratio of an objects mass to its volume.
Density = Mass/Volume |
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conversion factor
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a ratio of equivalent measurements that is used to convert a quanitity expressed in one unit to another unit
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precision
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a gauge of how exact a measurement is
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significant figures
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are all the digits that are known in a measurement, plus the last digit that is estimated
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accuracy
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is the closeness of a measurement to the actual value of what is being measured
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thermometer
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an instrument that measures temperature, or how hot an object is
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Why do scientists use scientific notation?
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because it makes very large or very small numbers easier to work with
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what units do scientists use for their measurements?
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they use a set of measuring units called SI, or the International System of Units
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How does the precision of measurements affect the precision of scientific calculations?
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The prescision of a calculated answer is limited by the least precise measurement used in the calculation.
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List the SI units for mass, length, and temperature
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Length is Meter (m)
Mass is Kilogram (kg) Temperature is Kelvin (K) |
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What is the formula for converting Kelvins and degrees Celsius
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K = C + 273
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slope
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the steepness
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direct proportion
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is a relationship in which the ratio of 2 variables is constant
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inverse proportion
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a relationship in which the product of 2 variables is constant
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How do scientists organize data?
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by using data tables and graphs
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how can scientists communicate experimental data?
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by writing in scientific journals or speaking at conferences
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A bar graph is used to compare what?
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used to compare a set of measurments, amoiunts or changes
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circle graphs are used to show what?
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used to show how a part or share of something relates to the whole
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line graphs are used for what?
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useful for showing changes that occur in related variables
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what is the formula for the slope of a line?
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Slope = Rise/Run
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data tables are used how?
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used to organize data
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