Physical Science B Study Guide

Front 1

Technology can best be defined as

Back 1

new inventions

Front 2

Pure science is best defined as

Back 2

continuing search for new knowledge

Front 3

Scientific theories can be changed or replaced when

Back 3

new discoveries are made

Front 4

The first step in the scientific theory method usually is

Back 4

forming a hypothesis

Front 5

The force with which the gravity pulls on a quantity of matter is referred to as

Back 5

weight

Front 6

What is the area of a room that is 4 x 10^2 cm long and 2 x 10^3 cm wide?

Back 6

8 x 10 ^5 cm^2

Front 7

Scientific methods

Back 7

All of the above

Front 8

SI is considered a consistent system because it

Back 8

has seven base units

Front 9

Which unit is used to measure the height of a book case?

Back 9

meter

Front 10

Which unit is used to measure the mass of a computer?

Back 10

Kilogram

Front 11

Convert 1,250 millimoles into moles

Back 11

1.25mol

Front 12

After formulating a question, the next step of the scientific method is

Back 12

to perform an experiment

Front 13

The speed of light is approximately 3 x 10 ^8 m/s. How would this be written in conventional notation?

Back 13

300,000,000 m/s

Front 14

You are asked to find the volume of a cube that is 2.5 cm high, 2.65 cm wide, and 3.456 cm long. How many significant figures should you show in your answer?

Back 14

2

Front 15

A scientific model is

Back 15

new theory that takes the place of an incorrect one

Front 16

The SI unit for measuring temperature is the

Back 16

kelvin

Front 17

The decimal equivalent of 10^2 is

Back 17

0.01

Front 18

What is 78,900,000,000 expressed in scientific notation?

Back 18

789 x 10^9

Front 19

The SI unit for speed is

Back 19

m/s

Front 20

On a speed-time graph, a line with a negative slope indicates that the object is

Back 20

slowing down

Front 21

If the net force on the object is zero then the object has

Back 21

balanced forces

Front 22

A tug-of-war that results in one team pulling the other across the line is an example of

Back 22

unbalanced forces

Front 23

An object is in motion when

Back 23

the object changes position relative to a stationary reference point

Front 24

Which straight-line acceleration indicates an increase in speed?

Back 24

All of the above

Front 25

Which of the following speeds is the most accurate?

Back 25

100 miles per hour

Front 26

How can the friction on a water slide be reduced?

Back 26

run a constant stream of water down the slide

Front 27

An object that changes position relative to a reference point is

Back 27

in motion

Front 28

Average speed can be reduced by the mathematical expression

Back 28

distance/time

Front 29

The average speed of a runner who runs 500.0 m in 1.6 mins is

Back 29

5.2 m/s

Front 30

A car moving at an average speed of 55.0 mi/h for 4.25 h has traveled

Back 30

234 mi

Front 31

When the motion of an object is shown by a straight line on a distance vs time graph with distance on the y-axis, the slope of the line is the

Back 31

speed

Front 32

Displacement must always indicate

Back 32

direction

Front 33

When a centripetal acceleration occurs, an object

Back 33

changes direction

Front 34

The equation for finding average acceleration for a straight-line motion is

Back 34

final velocity- initial velocity/time

Front 35

Moving from 0m/s to 25m/s in 8.0s equals an average acceleration of

Back 35

3.1m/s^2

Front 36

On a velocity vs. time graph, what shows the value of the acceleration?

Back 36

the slope of the line

Front 37

A cheetah can accelerate at up to 6.0 m/s^2. How long does it take for a cheetah to speed up from 10.5m/s to 12.2m/s?

Back 37

0.28 s

Front 38

Net force is

Back 38

the combination of all the forces acting on an object

Front 39

The friction between objects that are stationary is called

Back 39

static friction

Front 40

The law that states that every object maintains constant velocity unless acted on by an unbalanced force is

Back 40

Newtons first law of motion

Front 41

The law that states that for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction force is

Back 41

Newton's third law of motion

Front 42

The law that states that the unbalanced force acting on an object equals the objects mass times its acceleration is

Back 42

Newton's second law of motion

Front 43

Which of the following equations is correct?

Back 43

w=mg

Front 44

What is the unbalanced force that slows down a ball rolling across the floor?

Back 44

the force of friction

Front 45

Express the following as an equation: One newton is the force that can give an object with a mass of 1 kg an acceleration of 1 m/s^2

Back 45

1N=1kg x 1 m/s^2

Front 46

What happens immediately after a sky diver opens her parachute?

Back 46

Air resistance greatly increases

Front 47

Which object has the greatest inertia?

Back 47

A bowling ball

Front 48

What force causes a skater sliding on the ice to gradually slow down?

Back 48

fricition

Front 49

One newton is the force that can give a mass of 1 kg an acceleration of

Back 49

1 m/s^2

Front 50

A force of 240.0 n causes an object to accelerate at 3.2m/s^2. What is the mass of that object?

Back 50

75 kg

Front 51

A 0.25 kg steel ball experiences a net fore of 1.15 N as it rolls down a ramp. What is the acceleration of the ball?

Back 51

4.6 m/s^2

Front 52

How much does a 59.0 kg woman weigh on earth>

Back 52

145lb

Front 53

Which is an example of a projectile motion?

Back 53

a dart thrown at a dart board

Front 54

An objects momentum is determined by an objects

Back 54

mass and velocity

Front 55

Two identical cars are traveling at equal speeds. One is going north and the other south. If they collide head-on and stick together, what will happen to the motion if the cars?

Back 55

Both cars will stop

Front 56

If you divide momentum by velocity, the result is the value of the objects

Back 56

mass

Front 57

The SI unit of force, named after the scientist who described the relationship between motion and force, is called the

Back 57

newton

Front 58

Which of the following units is used to measure acceleration?

Back 58

m/s^2

Front 59

The tendency of an object at rest to remain at rest is

Back 59

inertia

Front 60

What is the mechanical advantage of a ramp that is 10 meters long and 2 meters high?

Back 60

5

Front 61

A first class lever has the

Back 61

fulcrum in the middle

Front 62

A wheelbarrow is an example of

Back 62

second class lever

Front 63

Which of the following is an example if a third class lever?

Back 63

A hand-held boat paddle

Front 64

What is the mechanical advantage of a single moveable pulley?

Back 64

2

Front 65

A boy exerts an average force of 65N when he lifts a box 1.2 meters. How much work does he do?

Back 65

54j

Front 66

_____ is defined as the rate at which work is done.

Back 66

Power

Front 67

How much power is required to do 180J of work in 2.4s?

Back 67

75 W

Front 68

What is the mechanical advantage of a ramp 2.0 m long and 0.50 m tall?

Back 68

4.0

Front 69

A wedge is a modified

Back 69

inclined plane

Front 70

Which of the following is an example of a compound machine?

Back 70

scissors

Front 71

As a dropped penny falls toward the ground, ______ energy is converted to ________ energy

Back 71

potential, kinetic

Front 72

The law of conservation of energy states that energy

Back 72

Cannot be created or destroyed

Front 73

A system that receives energy from external sources is called

Back 73

open

Front 74

_____ is the ratio if useful work output to work input.

Back 74

Efficiency

Front 75

A boy pushes on a parked car with a force of 200 N. The car does not move. How much work does the boy do on the car?

Back 75

zero

Front 76

What are the units of work?

Back 76

All of the above

Front 77

A machine is a device that

Back 77

increases energy

Front 78

The primary source of the sun's energy is

Back 78

nuclear fusion

Front 79

What are the units of power?

Back 79

All of the above

Front 80

Which of the following is an example of a wheel and axle?

Back 80

a block and tackle

Front 81

According to the first law of thermodynamics,

Back 81

the total energy used in any process is conserved.

Front 82

The Fahrenheit temperature scale is defined by which of the following temperatures?

Back 82

Water boils at 212 degrees and freezes at 32 degrees

Front 83

A cold-blooded reptile basks on a warm rock in the sun. Its body is warmed by

Back 83

convection

Front 84

An internal combustion engine uses what kind of energy to do work?

Back 84

Heat

Front 85

Which of the following is the name of a temperature scale?

Back 85

All of the above

Front 86

Convert 75degrees C to Fahrenheit

Back 86

167Degrees Fahrenheit

Front 87

The temperature at which all molecular motion stops is

Back 87

0 K

Front 88

Convert 300 K to the Celsius scale.

Back 88

27 degrees Celsius

Front 89

Convert 458 K to the equivalent Fahrenheit temperature

Back 89

365degrees F

Front 90

The energy transferred between objects with different temperatures is

Back 90

heat

Front 91

Which of the following temperature is impossible to measure?

Back 91

545degrees F

Front 92

_____ describes how much energy is required to raise an objects temperature.

Back 92

Specific heat

Front 93

Heat always moves from an object of _____ temperature to an object of ______ temperature

Back 93

lower, higher

Front 94

Solar panels gather ____ energy from the sun.

Back 94

radiated

Front 95

Which item below contains insulation material?

Back 95

plastic foam cup

Front 96

Evaporation causes a _______ effect

Back 96

cooling

Front 97

heat engines use ______ to convert potential chemical energy and internal kinetic energy into mechanical energy

Back 97

combustion

Front 98

The transfer of energy as heat caused by the collision of molecules is called

Back 98

conduction

Front 99

Convection currents rise in air because

Back 99

cool air descends and hot air rises

Front 100

Which method of energy transfer does not involve movement of matter?

Back 100

radiation

Front 101

Water surface waves are

Back 101

longitudinal and transverse waves

Front 102

A person is standing still and listening to a siren sounding an alarm. The frequency of the sound is 500 Hz. The person begins running toward the sound at a rate of 20m/s. The frequency of the sound the person hears will

Back 102

increase

Front 103

Sound waves from a radio generally travel in which medium?

Back 103

air

Front 104

If a transverse wave is moving from right to left, the individual particles in the medium are moving

Back 104

up and down

Front 105

Waves are often caused by

Back 105

vibrating objects

Front 106

Our eyes can detect light only within a range of _____ called visible light.

Back 106

frequencies

Front 107

The maximum displacement of a particle by a wave is called

Back 107

amplitude

Front 108

The _____ is the distance between two crests of a wave.

Back 108

wavelength

Front 109

The _____ is the time it takes for one full vibration of a particle in a medium.

Back 109

period

Front 110

The speed of a sound wave

Back 110

depends on the wavelength.

Front 111

The Doppler effect is an observed change in a wave's

Back 111

frequency

Front 112

The medium seismic waves travel through is

Back 112

rocks

Front 113

Sound waves are

Back 113

longitudinal waves

Front 114

A wave has a period of 0.25 seconds. The frequency of this wave is

Back 114

4 hertz

Front 115

The frequency of a sound wave determines

Back 115

the pitch of the sound

Front 116

sound waves

Back 116

require a medium

Front 117

Light waves

Back 117

are electromagnetic

Front 118

How loud a sound is depends on

Back 118

the amplitude of the waves

Front 119

A wave with a frequency of 0.5 Hz and a speed of 10 m/s has a wavelength of

Back 119

20 m

Front 120

The pitch of a sound is most closely related to the

Back 120

frequency of the sound waves

Front 121

When a sound wave strikes your eardrum, it causes forced vibrations that are transferred to the

Back 121

hammer anvil and stirrup

Front 122

A sonar system measures distance by determining the

Back 122

time is takes for sound waves to be reflected from a surface.

Front 123

Which type of electromagnetic waves has the highest energy?

Back 123

gamma rays

Front 124

Radar work by sending a signal out from an air-traffic control tower that is

Back 124

reflected off a plane back to the control tower.

Front 125

When light moves from a material in which its speed is higher to a material in which its speed is lower, it is

Back 125

bent away from the normal

Front 126

Light rays that pass though a lens change direction because of internal reflection

Back 126

they are refracted

Front 127

Which of these affects the speed of sound?

Back 127

temperature

Front 128

Which of these affects the loudness of a sound?

Back 128

pitch of the sound

Front 129

Which of these affects the pitch of a sound?

Back 129

frequency of the waves

Front 130

What causes the sound of a guitar to get louder as its played?

Back 130

resonance

Front 131

Which device uses sound waves to view organs inside the body?

Back 131

sonogram

Front 132

Because its molecules are far apart, sound waves will travel slowly through

Back 132

cold air

Front 133

Light rays reflecting off a smooth surface reflect

Back 133

in random directions

Front 134

Light rays reflecting off a rough surface reflect

Back 134

diffusely

Front 135

The law of reflection says the angle of incidence is ____ the angle of reflection

Back 135

equal to

Front 136

An apple appears red to your eye because it

Back 136

reflects red light

Front 137

In addition to reflecting some light, every object

Back 137

absorbs some light

Front 138

When all three additive primary colors are mixed, you see the color

Back 138

white

Front 139

A mirage is caused by

Back 139

refracting light

Front 140

The rate at which light energy flows through a given area of space is referred to as its

Back 140

intensity

Front 141

When a glass rod is rubbed with silk and becomes positively charged,

Back 141

electrons are removed from the rod.

Front 142

Electric field lines

Back 142

all of the above

Front 143

The brightness of a light bulb is determined by its filament's

Back 143

voltage

Front 144

Whether or not charges will move in a material depends partly on how tightly ____ are held in the atoms of the material

Back 144

electrons

Front 145

The resistance of an insulator is

Back 145

high

Front 146

Which of the following shows how conductors, insulators, superconductors, and semiconductors rank in order of least resistance to most resistance?

Back 146

superconductors, conductors, semiconductors, insulators

Front 147

Appliances connected so that they form a single pathway for charges to flow are connected in a(n)

Back 147

series circuit

Front 148

Positive charges _____ one another

Back 148

repel

Front 149

Which of the following is a negatively charged particle?

Back 149

electron

Front 150

An electric cell is a source of electric current because of a _____ between the terminals

Back 150

potential difference

Front 151

A(n) _____is a solution that conducts electricity

Back 151

electrolyte

Front 152

The rate at which charges move through a conductor is called

Back 152

current

Front 153

Conventional current is defined as the movement of

Back 153

positive charge

Front 154

_____ is the opposition posed by a material to the flow of the current

Back 154

Resistance

Front 155

Current is produced when charges are accelerated by an electric field to move to a position of lower

Back 155

potential energy

Front 156

Calculate the resistance of a bulb that draws 0.6 A of current with a potential difference of 3 V

Back 156

5 Ohms

Front 157

A 6.0-V battery is connected to a 24-<3 resistor. What is the current in the resistor?

Back 157

0.25 A

Front 158

Individual components in a parallel circuit experience the same

Back 158

voltage

Front 159

A device connected to a 120V outlet has 2.0 A of current in it. What is the power of this device?

Back 159

240W

Front 160

A circuit breaker acts as a switch creating a(n) _____ circuit when current is too high

Back 160

open

Front 161

What voltage is required to pass 0.5 A of current through a 4.5-W bulb?

Back 161

9V

Front 162

Batteries typically have

Back 162

one positive and one negative terminal

Front 163

Resistance is caused by

Back 163

internal friction

Front 164

The SI unit of resistance is the

Back 164

ohm

Front 165

What is the potential difference across a resistor that dissipates 5.00 W of power and has a current of 5.0 A?

Back 165

1.0V

Front 166

When there is an equal amount of positive and negative charges on an object, the object is

Back 166

neutral

Front 167

Potential difference is measured in

Back 167

volts

Front 168

Current is the rate at which charges move through a(n)

Back 168

insulator

Front 169

A flashlight bulb with potential difference of 4.5V across its filament has a power output of 8.9 W. How much current is in the bulb filament?

Back 169

1.8A