Physical Science

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Physical Property

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is anything about a substance or object that we can observe or measure without changing its chemical composition

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Physical Change

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any change of the arrangement of the matter in a material or object. Cannot result in a change of the materials chemical compositition

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Chemical Properties

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is any of a materials properties that becomes evident during a chemical reaction; that is, any quality that can be established only by changing a substance's chemical identity

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Chemical Changes

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any change in a substance that affects the kinds of atoms and or/ the way they are bonded together

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Alchemy

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the idea that mystical chants and the influence of talismans could result in changing matter or bringing new matter into existence

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Law of the Conservation of matter

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matter can be neither created nor destroyed, but only changed from one form to another

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Nuclear Changes

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changes in the nucleus involve changing the number of neutrons or emitting or absorbing high-energy rays or particles

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Phase Change or Change of State

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when matter changes from one state to another

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Thermal Energy

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internal energy of an object do to kinetic energy of its atoms or molecules

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Heating

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thermal energy flows into an object

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Cooling

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loss of thermal energy

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Melting

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if the solid absorbs enough thermal energy, its particles vibrate so rapidly that the attractions between particles can't hold them in fixed locations any longer. They break free and begin moving around in the liquid state.

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Melting Point

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temperature at which a pure solid turns into a liquid

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Freezing

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when all the particles in the liquid are trapped and can no longer move about. The change to a solid is complete

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Freezing Point

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the temperature at which a liquid turns into a solid

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Vaporization

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any process resulting in a solid or liquid substance changing directly to a gas

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Rate of Vaporization

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refers to how fast liquid water changes to a gas. Depends on 2 factors:

1. the temp. of the water

2. pressure the water's vapor exerts on its liquid or solid phrase

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Equilbrium

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a state in which opposing forces or influences are balanced

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Vapor Pressure

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is a property of the liquid substance and is directly related to temperature- the higher the temperature of the liquid is, the higher its vapor its vapor pressure

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Boiling

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is the fastest kind of liquid vaporization

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Boiling Point

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the temperature at which then begins to boil

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Evaporation

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is the kind of vaporization that happens when a liquids temperature is anywhere between its melting and boiling points

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Sublimation

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happens when certain kinds of solids seem to "evaporate". The solid's molecules enter the vapor state without becoming a liquid first

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Condensation

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occurs when a vapor cools and changes to a liquid state

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Deposition

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occurs when the rate of vapor molecules returning to the solid exceeds the number of molecules sublimating away