Physical Science

Front 1

Valence Electrons

Back 1

electrons in outermost shell of an atom

Front 2

Exclusion Principle

Back 2

2 Electrons fit inside each orbital

Front 3

Orbital

Back 3

standing wave of probability describing the behavior of an electron around an atom

Front 4

The average kinetic energy of molecules that make up an aobject is directly proportional to its:

Back 4

temperature

Front 5

The energy of a photon is equal to Planck's constant times:

Back 5

frequency

Front 6

Four States of Matter

Back 6

Solid
Liquid
Gas
Plasma

Front 7

Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle

Back 7

You can't simultaneously measure MOMENTUM and POSITION.

Front 8

When will an ionic substance conduct electricity?

Back 8

When dissolved in water

Front 9

When you try to measure extremely dim light, what do you observe?

Back 9

Light behaves as a particle

Front 10

Which of the following best describes the behavior of a single electron while you make no attempt to observe it?

Back 10

It acts like a wave.

Front 11

Brownian Motion is best described as:

Back 11

The motion of dust particles caused by the collision between the dust and molecules.

Front 12

Molecular Model

Back 12

Observation of Brownian motion

Front 13

Plum Pudding (Thompson) model

Back 13

Gas discharge experiments

Front 14

Solar System (Rutherford) model

Back 14

Observation that some alpha particles scatter of of gold foil

Front 15

Modified Solar System (Bohr) model

Back 15

Observation that atomes emit discrete spectra

Front 16

Quantum Mechanical Model

Back 16

Observation that electrons don't radiate as they orbit and observation that electrons have wave/particle duality

Front 17

Rutherford (planetary)

Back 17

electrons orbiting a small massive positively charged nucleus

Front 18

Thompson (plum pudding)

Back 18

Small negative particles embedded in a mass of positive charge

Front 19

Quantum mechanical

Back 19

Electrons in orbitals around a positively charged nucleus

Front 20

Molecular

Back 20

Materials made of smaller units that carry the properties of the material but have no special structure themselves

Front 21

Bohr

Back 21

Electrons in special non-radiating orbits around a positively charged nucleus.

Front 22

Amplitude

Back 22

the maximum displacement of the medium from its undisturbed position

Front 23

Frequency

Back 23

the number of disturbances that pass a particular point per second

Front 24

Wavelength

Back 24

the distance between disturbances

Front 25

Speed

Back 25

how fast the disturbances are moving

Front 26

Shear (transverse) wave

Back 26

the type of wave that will only travel through a solid medium (perpendicular)

Front 27

Compression (longitudinal) wave

Back 27

the disturbance is in the direction of the wave motion

Front 28

Surface wave

Back 28

the kind of wave one would find on top of a lake

Front 29

Reflection

Back 29

a wave bounces of a surface

Front 30

Refraction

Back 30

a wave changes direction as it passes from one medium to another

Front 31

diffraction

Back 31

a wave changes direction to bend around corners

Front 32

Interference

Back 32

two waves cancel or enhance each other when they move through the same space at the same time

Front 33

Order the following kinds of radiation from shortest to longest wavelength.

Back 33

gamma rays, x-rays, ultra violet rays, visible light, infrared light, microwaves, radio waves

Front 34

Order of orbitals by energy level in which they first appear, lowest first.

Back 34

s, p, d, f

Front 35

For a neutral atom, what is the atomic number equal to?

Back 35

The number of protons and electrons

Front 36

the solid state of a material is always more dense than the liquid state of the same material.

Back 36

FALSE. Water!

Front 37

Of the 4 wave behaviors, two are ONLY exhibited by waves while the others are similar to particle behaviors. What behaviors are exlusive to waves?

Back 37

Diffraction
Interference

Front 38

A sound wave is what kind of wave?

Back 38

A compressional wave

Front 39

As frequency decreases, wavelength:

Back 39

increases

Front 40

Wavespeed Formula

Back 40

Wavespeed = Frequency X Wavelength

Front 41

Constructive interference

Back 41

(point where they meet)both disturb in the same way, so result is larger than individual

Front 42

Destructive interference

Back 42

where they don't meet (space between points), disturb amplitude, resulting amplitude is smaller than by themselves

Front 43

Photoelectric Effect

Back 43

the ejection of electrons from metals when light is shined on the metal's surface (light on electroscope)

Front 44

Evidence for wave behavior of light

Back 44

shine flashlight through hole, diffracts and gets bigger. If through one slit, one big light triangle. If two slits, many slits appear.

Front 45

Evidence for particle behavior of light

Back 45

low light photography with uv light

Front 46

Which wave has the greatest energy?

Back 46

Gamma rays

Front 47

Conductor

Back 47

a material that allows electrons to flow through it

Front 48

Non-conductor

Back 48

an image of iron atoms deposited on a layer of copper atoms spelling the word "atom" in Japanese. The copper atoms are only visible as the ripples in the blue background

Front 49

Ionic Conductor

Back 49

Materials that do not conduct electricity in the solid state, but do when dissolved in water.

Front 50

As melting point increases, the boiling point...

Back 50

increases

Front 51

Molecular Model of Atom

Back 51

everything is made up of molecules in constant motion

Front 52

Temperature =

Back 52

average kinetic energy of polecues (balloon in cold)

Front 53

Thompson's Model Proved Three things:

Back 53

positive and negative make up molecules
positive weighs more
- stuff is same for every gas (+ changes with different gases)

Front 54

Rutherford Solar System Model

Back 54

line of atoms, thinks they're thin, shoots alpha particles (+ charge) at it, thinks they'll go through, but not all of them go through--every once in awhile one bounces back, which means the alpha particles are running into the dense and positive nucleus

Front 55

Bohr Model

Back 55

orbitals--absorption and emission spectrums.

Front 56

Emission

Back 56

When electrons jum down an energy level, it has to release extra energy as photons

Front 57

ionization energy

Back 57

energy required to lose 1 electron--increases as you go right

Front 58

3 Trends of Periodic Table

Back 58

1) Volume gets bigger as you go down and left
2) Columns react the same, every column has same # of valence electrons
3) Ionization energy increases as you go right