Physical Science

Front 1

absorb

Back 1

soak up

Front 2

acceleration

Back 2

how fast an object changes its velocity

Front 3

acid

Back 3

a chemical substance that reacts with metals to release hydrogen

Front 4

actual M.A.

Back 4

the M.A. a machine really has

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alloy

Back 5

a mixture of two or more metals

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alternating current

Back 6

electric current that keeps moving back and forth

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ammeter

Back 7

an instrument for measuring electric current

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ampere

Back 8

the unit for measuring electric current

Front 9

amplitude

Back 9

the width of a sound's pattern

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angle of incidence

Back 10

the angle between the incident ray and the normal line

Front 11

Archimedes' Principle

Back 11

the fact that the loss of weight of an object in water is equal to the weight of the displaced water

Front 12

asbestos

Back 12

a material used to make brakes

Front 13

atom

Back 13

the smallest part of an element that is still an element

Front 14

atomic mass

Back 14

the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom; sometimes called "atomic weight"

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atomic number

Back 15

a number used to identify an element and show its place in the periodic table

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atomic weight

Back 16

the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom

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axle

Back 17

a rod that a wheel turns

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balance

Back 18

make the number of atoms of each element the same on both sides of an equation

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balanced forces

Back 19

forces that are equal in size but opposite in direction

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base

Back 20

a compound made up of a metallic element or radical combined with one or more hydroxyl radicals

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battery

Back 21

two or more electrical cells connected together

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boiling point

Back 22

the temperature at which a liquid forms bubbles of gas

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burning

Back 23

fast oxidation

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calorie

Back 24

a unit of heat; the amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water 1°C

Front 25

Celsius scale

Back 25

the temperature scale in which the freezing point of water is 0° and the boiling point is 100°

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centimeter

Back 26

1/100 of a meter

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chemical change

Back 27

a change that produces new substances

Front 28

chemical equation

Back 28

a way of telling about a chemical reaction with symbols and formulas

Front 29

chemical formula

Back 29

a shorthand way to write the name of a compound

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chemical reaction

Back 30

a change that produces one or more new substances

Front 31

chemical symbols

Back 31

a short way of writing the names of the elements

Front 32

chemistry

Back 32

the study of matter

Front 33

chord

Back 33

three or more notes played together

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closed circuit

Back 34

a complete path for electricity to move along

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coagulation

Back 35

the use of chemicals to make particles clump together

Front 36

coefficient

Back 36

a number that tells how many molecules of a substance are needed or produced in a reaction

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colloid

Back 37

a type of suspension that does not separate on standing

Front 38

compound

Back 38

a combination of elements that has different properties from the elements that make it up

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compress

Back 39

squeeze together

Front 40

concave lens

Back 40

a lens that is curved inward

Front 41

concentrated solution

Back 41

a strong solution

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condensation

Back 42

changing from a gas to a liquid

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conduction

Back 43

movement of heat energy by molecules bumping into each other

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conductivity tester

Back 44

an instrument used to see if solutions conduct electricity

Front 45

conductor

Back 45

a material that electricity can go through very well

Front 46

conservation of energy

Back 46

the idea that energy cannot be made or destroyed, but only changed in form

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contract

Back 47

get smaller; take up less space

Front 48

convection

Back 48

the way heat travels through gases and liquids

Front 49

convection currents

Back 49

up-and-down movements of gases or liquids by convection

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convex lens

Back 50

a lens that is curved outward

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core

Back 51

the material in the center of an electromagnet

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cornea

Back 52

the clear front of the eye

Front 53

corrosion

Back 53

the wearing away of metals

Front 54

covalent compound

Back 54

a compound in which atoms share electrons

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crystal

Back 55

a piece of a solid that is shaped like a jewel

Front 56

deceleration

Back 56

negative acceleration; "slowing down"

Front 57

decibel

Back 57

a measurement of the loudness of sound

Front 58

decomposition reaction

Back 58

a reaction that breaks down compounds into simpler substances

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degree

Back 59

a unit of temperature

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dense

Back 60

heavy for its volume

Front 61

density

Back 61

mass of a certain volume of a material

Front 62

diatomic molecule

Back 62

a molecule containing two atoms of the same element

Front 63

diffuse reflection

Back 63

reflection from a rough surface; reflection that does not give images

Front 64

dilute solution

Back 64

a weak solution

Front 65

direct current

Back 65

electric current that moves in one direction only

Front 66

displaced water

Back 66

the amount of water pushed out of the way by an object

Front 67

dissolve

Back 67

become part of a solution

Front 68

distillation

Back 68

a way of recovering the solute and the solvent from a solution

Front 69

double replacement reaction

Back 69

a reaction in which elements from two compounds change places, and two new compounds are formed

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dry cell

Back 70

an electrical cell that has a moist electrolyte

Front 71

echo

Back 71

a sound that is bounced back by an object

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efficiency

Back 72

the percent of useful work obtained from a machine

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effort

Back 73

the force used on a lever

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effort arm

Back 74

the distance from the fulcrum to where the effort is put on a lever

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electric charge

Back 75

a condition produced by electricity

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electric circuit

Back 76

the path that an electric current follows

Front 77

electrical energy

Back 77

the kind of energy that moving charges have

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electrocuted

Back 78

killed by an electric current

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electrode

Back 79

the negative or positive part of an electric cell; a rod that allows an electric current to enter or leave an electrolyte solution

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electrolysis

Back 80

using an electric current to break down a compound

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electrolyte

Back 81

a liquid or moist substance that can conduct electricity; a substance that can make water conduct electricity

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electromagnet

Back 82

a coil of wire that uses an electric current to make a strong magnetic field

Front 83

electromagnetic spectrum

Back 83

the spectrum made up of radio waves, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, X rays, gamma rays, and cosmic rays

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electromotive force

Back 84

the push that makes electricity move

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electron

Back 85

a negatively charged atomic particle

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electron shell

Back 86

all of an electron's orbits, or paths, put together

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electroplating

Back 87

using an electric current to plate one metal onto another metal

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element

Back 88

a simple substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances

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emulsifying agent

Back 89

a substance that keeps emulsions from separating

Front 90

emulsion

Back 90

a suspension of two liquids

Front 91

energy

Back 91

the ability to do work

Front 92

evaporation

Back 92

changing from a liquid to a gas when the liquid is left open to the air

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expand

Back 93

get larger; take up more space

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extended source

Back 94

a light source made up of many point sources

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Fahrenheit scale

Back 95

the temperature scale in which the freezing point of water is 32° and the boiling pint is 212°

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filter

Back 96

a material that transmits some colors of light and blocks others

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fixed pulley

Back 97

a pulley that does not move

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focal length

Back 98

the distance from the focal point to the lens

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focal point

Back 99

the place where light rays from a lens meet

Front 100

formula mass

Back 100

the sum of all the atomic masses in a molecule

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formula weight

Back 101

the sum of all the atomic weights

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freezing

Back 102

changing from a liquid to a solid

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freezing point

Back 103

the temperature at which a liquid changes to a solid

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frequency

Back 104

the number of vibrations per second

Front 105

friction

Back 105

a force that acts against the motion of one surface over another

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fuel

Back 106

material that is burned to produce heat energy

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fulcrum

Back 107

the point where a lever is supported

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galvanized iron

Back 108

iron plated with zinc

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galvanometer

Back 109

a tool for measuring very small electric currents

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gas

Back 110

the form of matter that has no definite shape or volume

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gram

Back 111

a unit of mass in the metric system

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gravity

Back 112

the force that pulls things down toward the center of the earth

Front 113

group

Back 113

a family of elements going down the periodic table

Front 114

harmony

Back 114

combining musical notes

Front 115

heat

Back 115

a form of energy that we can feel

Front 116

hertz

Back 116

the unit used for measuring frequency

Front 117

Hoffman apparatus

Back 117

a device that can break water down into its elements

Front 118

hologram

Back 118

a 3-D photograph made with a laser

Front 119

homogeneous

Back 119

the same throughout

Front 120

homogenization

Back 120

making a permanent emulsion by rapid spinning

Front 121

hydroxide ion

Back 121

an ion containing one oxygen atom and one hydrogen atom