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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Four ways we learn
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authority
intuition reason sensory data |
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Authority
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an accepted source of expert information or advice
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parent, scholar, historian, reporter, leader, scripture
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Intuition
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the act or faculty of knowing or sensing without the use of rational processes; it involves immediate cognition
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ex. revelation, inspiration
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Reason
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The capacity for logical, rational, and analytical thought- intelligence
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mathematical proof
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Sensory Data
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Knowledge obtained through the senses
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Scientific Method Process
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Hypothesis- Prediction- Data- Analysis- Hypothesis
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6 Self-Evident Truths
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base assumptions that we accept as always true
6:Existence, Causality, Position Symmetry, Time Symmetry, Principle of Noncontradiction, Occam's Razor |
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Existence
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there is a physical world separate from our mind that follows laws and we can experience through senses
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Causality
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Cause must always precede the effect
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Principle of Non-Contradiction
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of two contradictory propositions, both cannot be true
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Occam's Razor
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If there are two explanations for the same thing, the simpler one is chosen, assuming that both describe it equally well
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Four Interactions in Nature
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strong nuclear, electromagnetic, weak nuclear, gravity
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strong nuclear
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holds quarks in nucleons together, and holds nucleons together
realm: atomic nuclei |
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electromagnetic
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reactions between charged objects that give rise to electromagnetic force
electrons held in place repulsion between + and - charged protons realm: electrons, protons, atoms, molecules, molecular complexes |
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Weak Nuclear
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attempts to break nuclei apart
realm: atomic nuclei |
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Gravity
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forces pulled by the objects mass; universe is held together and planets by gravity.
realm: Earth, Solar System, Milky Way Galaxy, Universe |
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4 types of acceleration
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change of velocity
speed up slow down change direction |
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Newton's 1st Law
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I. Every object in a state of uniform motion tends to remain in that state of motion unless an external force is applied to it.
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Newton's 2nd Law
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The relationship between an object's mass m, its acceleration a, and the applied force F is F = ma. Acceleration and force are vectors; in this law the direction of the force vector is the same as the direction of the acceleration vector.
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Newton's 3rd Law
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For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction.
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g
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acceleration caused by gravity
9.8m/sec^2 = 32 ft/sec^2 = 22mi/hr/sec |
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uniform motion
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F= mg
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The Law of Gravity formula
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F = GmM/d^2
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g
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acceleration caused by gravity
9.8m/sec^2 = 32 ft/sec^2 = 22mi/hr/sec |
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uniform motion
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F= mg
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The Law of Gravity formula
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F = GmM/d^2
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four basic rules of pressure
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1.pressure depends on depth
2.same for all points at same depth 3.independent of direction at given point 4.always perpendicular to surface submerged |
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pressure
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force/ surface area
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density
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mass/ volume
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inertial frame of reference
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a perspective that is experiencing NO acceleration
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non-inertial frame of reference
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a perspective that is experiencing acceleration
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motion symmetry
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the laws of nature remain the same for all observers in inertial frames of reference
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lepton
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electron-like particle
include: electrons, muons, and neutrino (electron with no charge) |
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angular momentum
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mass x speed x radius
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formula for energy at low speeds
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Energy= 1/2 x mass x speed^2
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work
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= force x distance parallel to direction of force
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reflection
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the act of bouncing off a surface
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refraction
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the act of changing direction when passing from one medium to another
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diffraction
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the changing of direction of waves to bend around corners and spread as they encounter obstacles
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density =
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mass/ volume
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