Physical Geology Final

Front 1

The gravitationally caused downslope transport of rock, regolith, snow, and ice

Back 1

Mass Wasting

Front 2

Four distinguishing factors of Mass Wasting

Back 2

1) Type of material involved, 2) Velocity of movement, 3) Character of moving mass, 4) environment in which the movement takes place

Front 3

Gradual downslope movement of regolith

Back 3

Creep

Front 4

Permanently frozen ground

Back 4

Permafrost

Front 5

Creep characteristic of tundra regions that flows downslope in overlapping sheets

Back 5

Solifluction

Front 6

Consist of a mixture of rock fragments and ice with rock fragments making up the major proportion

Back 6

Rock Glaciers

Front 7

A mass of regolith detaching from its substrate along a spoon-shaped sliding surface and slipping downslope

Back 7

Slumping

Front 8

The surface which a slump slips down

Back 8

Failure Surface

Front 9

the curving step at the upslope edge of a slump where the regolith detached

Back 9

Head Scarp

Front 10

water mix with regolith to create slurry moving downslope, just mud

Back 10

Mudflow

Front 11

water mix with regolith to create slurry moving downslope, mud with larger rock fragments

Back 11

Debris Flow

Front 12

Speed of mud/debris flow depends on? (2)

Back 12

Slope angle and water content

Front 13

Particularly devastating mudflows that flow down river valleys vordering volcanoes, consist of mixture of volcanic ash and water

Back 13

Lahars

Front 14

A sudden movement of rock and debris down a nonvertical slope

Back 14

Landslide

Front 15

A landslide consisting only of rock

Back 15

Rock Slide

Front 16

A landslide consisting mostly of regolith

Back 16

Debris slide

Front 17

A turbulent cloud of debris mixed with air that rushes down a steep hill slope a high velocity

Back 17

Avalanche

Front 18

Area where no mature trees grow due to avalanches occuring over and over again in the same spot

Back 18

Avalanche chute

Front 19

Occur when a mass free-falls from a steep or vertical cliff

Back 19

Rock Fall

Front 20

Sloping apron of rocks along the base of a cliff, caused by friction or collision with other rocks bringing rocks to an early halt before they hit the bottom

Back 20

Talus

Front 21

Semicoherent blocks slip downslope on weak mud detachments underwater

Back 21

Submarine Slumps

Front 22

Moving mass breaks apart to form a slurry with larger rocks in a mud matrix underwater

Back 22

Submarine Debris Flow

Front 23

Sediment disperses in water to create a turbulent cloud of suspended sediment that avalanches downslope

Back 23

Turbidity Currents

Front 24

After granular debris piles up due to resistance force, this describes the steepest slope that can occur without it collapsing

Back 24

Angle of Repose

Front 25

Shaking causing sand grains to try to fit together more tightly, destroying cohesion between grains and mixture of sand and water turns into weak slurry

Back 25

Liquefaction

Front 26

Bedding parallels the face of the mountain

Back 26

Dip Slope

Front 27

Excavation resulting in formation of overhang

Back 27

Undercutting

Front 28

Water that flows on the land surface

Back 28

Runoff

Front 29

An event during which the volume of water in a stream becomes so great it covers areas outside the stream’s normal limits

Back 29

Flood

Front 30

Ribbons of water that flow down channels

Back 30

Streams

Front 31

Troughs cut into the land which streams flow into

Back 31

Channels

Front 32

Water that evaporates from Earth's surface, condenses, and returns in the form of snow or rain

Back 32

Meteoric Water

Front 33

The boundary defining the top of the subsurface realm in which water fills pores and cracks completely

Back 33

Water Table

Front 34

film of water less than a few mm thick that covers the surface of the ground

Back 34

Sheetwash

Front 35

The process by which, over time, extra flow deepens a newly formed channel, and creates a stream

Back 35

Downcutting

Front 36

As flow of a new stream channel increases, it begins to lengthen up its slope because entry at the channel than in surrounding sheetwashed areas

Back 36

Headward Erosion

Front 37

An array of linked streams that evolves with the birth of a new channel

Back 37

Tributaries

Front 38

The main original channel stream

Back 38

Trunk Stream

Front 39

The name for the array of interconnected streams together forming from a new channel

Back 39

Drainage Network

Front 40

The place at which the trunk stream cuts across ridges in a Trellis drainage network

Back 40

Water Gap

Front 41

A dry ephemeral stream bed

Back 41

Dry Wash

Front 42

The deepest part of a channel

Back 42

Thalweg

Front 43

Twisting, swirling motion that creates eddies in which water curves and flows upstream, or circles in place

Back 43

Turbulence