Physical Geography Chapter 2

Front 1

Map

Back 1

two-dimensional representation of Earth and the spatial distribution of selected phenomena-normally components of a landscape. A scaled drawing of a portion of a landscape representing the area at a reduced scale and showing only selected data

Front 2

Map Scale

Back 2

the scale of a map gives the relationship between length measured on the map and the corresponding actual distance on the ground

Front 3

Graphic Scale

Back 3

uses a line marked off in graduated distances

Front 4

Fractional Scale

Back 4

compares map distance with ground distance by proportional numbers expressed as a fraction or ration called a representative fraction

Front 5

Verbal Scale

Back 5

states in words the ratio of the map scale length to the actual distance on Earth's surface

Front 6

Large-Scale Map

Back 6

one that as a relatively large representative fraction, which means that the denominator is small

Front 7

Small-Scale Map

Back 7

has a small representative fraction, one having a large denominator

Front 8

Map Projection

Back 8

system whereby the spherical surface of Earth is transformed to display it on flat surface

Front 9

Equivalent Projection (Equal Area Projection)

Back 9

the size ratio of any area on the map to the corresponding area on the ground is the same all over the map

Front 10

Conformal Projection

Back 10

proper angular relationships are maintained so that he shape of something on the map is the same as its shape on Earth

Front 11

Cylindrical Projection

Back 11

obtained by mathematically "wrapping" the globe with a cylinder of paper in such a way that the paper touches the globe only at the globe's equator

Front 12

Mercator Projection

Back 12

originated in 1569 by a Flemish geographer and cartographer and is still in common usage today without significant modification

Front 13

Loxodrome (Rhumb Line)

Back 13

a curve on the surface of a sphere that crosses all meridians at the same angle and represents a line of constant compass direction

Front 14

Plane Projection

Back 14

obtained by projectingthe markings of a center-lit globe onto a flat piece of paper that is tangent to the globe at some point

Front 15

Conic Projection

Back 15

obtained by projecting the markings of a center-lit globe onto a cone wrapped tangent to, or intersecting, a portion of the globe

Front 16

Pseudocylindrical Projection (Elliptical or Oval Projection)

Back 16

roughly football-shaped map, usually of the entire world

Front 17

Isoline

Back 17

generic term that refers to any line that joins points of equal value of something

Front 18

Global Positioning System (GPS)

Back 18

satellite based system for determining accurate positions on or near Earth's surface

Front 19

Remote Sensing

Back 19

any measurement or acquisition of information by recording device that is not in physical contact with the object under study

Front 20

Aerial Photograph

Back 20

taken from an elevated platform (balloon, airplane, rocket, etc)

Front 21

Photogrammetry

Back 21

science of obtaining reliable measurement from photographs and the science of mapping from aerial photography

Front 22

Orthophoto Maps

Back 22

multicolored, distortion free photographic image maps

Front 23

Multispectral Scanning System (MSS)

Back 23

a four band system that gathered a set of digital numbers for each picture element (pixel) collected

Front 24

Radar

Back 24

acronym for radio detection and ranging

Front 25

Sonar

Back 25

Sound navigation and ranging permits underwater imaging so that scientists can determine the form of the part of Earth's crust hidden by the world ocean

Front 26

Geographic Information Systems (GIS)

Back 26

automated systems for the capture, storage, retrieval, analysis, and display of spatial data