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48 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are osteophytes?
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Bone projections growing from edges of joints
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What are Heberden´s nodes?
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Bony swellings occuring in distal interphalangeal joints (DIP)
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What are Bouchard´s nodes?
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Bondy swellings occuring in proximal interphalangeal joints (PIP)
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Definition deformity?
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Pathologic position or configuration of articulating bones
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Definition deviation?
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Deformity with axes in center of gravity, but position of bones are deviated
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Examples of deviation?
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Bowlegs: Genu vara
Knock-knees: Genu valga Hallux valgus |
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Definition deaxation?
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Deformity where bones articulate, but axes do not cross in functional center of gravity
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Definition subluxation?
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More severe degree of deformity: Capitulum fits partly in socket and axes of joints cross outside the joint or not at all
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Definition luxation?
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Joint facets does not articulate at all - and head of bone is outside glenoid cavity
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What are knots / nodes close to articulations?
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Most often found in rheumatoid arthritis - of various shape and consistency
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What are tophi?
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Urate deposits - in gouty arthritis
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What are ganglion knots?
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Cystic tumors filled with gelatinous mass close to joints or tendons - often dorsal aspect of wrist
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What is a Baker´s cyst?
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Cyst of popliteal fossa, filled with fluid, result of:
- Prolapse of knee joint capsule - Swelling of the bursa |
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Crackles in joint, pathology?
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No, normal
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Creaks of joints, pathology?
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Yes, means uneven surfaces due to loss of cartilage. Signs of arthritis.
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Pain in rotation of hip joint is first sign of?
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Incipient osteoarthrosis
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How to create internal rotation of hip joints?
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Push calves apart
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How to create external rotation in hip joints?
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Crosses calves
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What is scoliosis?
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Deviation of the spine to the side
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Simple scoliosis?
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Sideways deviation in only one section
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Compensatory scoliosis?
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Deviation to the other side than the first one.
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Cause of scoliosis?
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- Idiopathic
- Injury - Congenital - Long term bad posture |
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What is lordosis?
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Curvature forward like the cervical spine
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What is kyphosis?
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Curvature backwards like the thoracic spine
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What is gibbus?
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Humpback / hyperkyphosis of thoracic segments
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What is Scheuermann´s disease?
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Kyphosis from childhood
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What is Marie-Struempell-Bechterw´s disease? (Bechterew´s disease) What is the new name?
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Also called ankylosing spondylitis.
A inflammatory, rheumatological disease of the spinous ligaments with calcifications. Immune reaction. Affecting the joints of spine and sacroiliac joint. |
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What is Paget´s disease?
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A disorder of bone remodelling, beginning with extreme bone reabsorption and increased bone formation. Bone become disorganized and weaker, easier to fracture.
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Senile hyperkyphosis is caused by?
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Osteoporosis of the vertebrae
Hypotonicity of the paravertebral musculature |
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How is Thomayer´s distance test?
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Check unfolding of spinal column.
Straight legs, try to touch floor. Mor than 10cm to floor: test is positive Can be affected by muscles and tendon flexibility |
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Typical positive Thomayer´s test?
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Ankylosing spondylitis
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How to test the lumbar unfolding?
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The Schober´s distance test
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What is the Michaelis route?
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The intersection between posterior midline and a line connecting both posterior superior ilac crests
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How is Schober´s test performed?
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Mark Michaelis route and 10cm over. Patients bend forward and you measure distance again.
Less than 3.5 cm means disturbance in lumbar unfolding. |
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How to test combined lumbar and thoracic arching?
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Stibor´s distance test
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How is Stibor´s distance test performed?
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Cross of Michaelis route and C7 vertebra. Measure distance. In forward bend -
Distance should exceed 6cm |
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Difference in thoracic circumference in maximal inspiration and expiration should be at least?
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4cm
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How to test cervical flexibility?
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Chin-sternum test
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Positive chin-sternum test means?
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You cannot touch sternum with chin. Distance is measured.
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Dorsal flexion of cervical and thoracic spine is measured how?
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By Forestier test - "Fléche".
Patient stand with back to wall, and are supposed to touch wall with backhead. Difficult in patients with hyperkyphosis |
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Rotational movements of head should be possible up to how many degrees?
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90
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How is test and limits for lateroflexion?
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Stand upright, hands to sides. Flex laterally. See how many cm the hands go down.
Minimum sliding distance should be 20 cm |
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What is torticollis?
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Wryneck - lateral deviation of head to one side.
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How is Laségue´s maneuver?
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Flexion of lower limb at hip joint. Measure angle between bed and limb. Pain recorded
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How is Thomsen maneuver?
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Supine patient. 90deg flex hip joint. Flexed knee joint as well. Dorsiflexion of knee ankle joint.
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How is it possible to document tendinitis?
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Find a painful crepitus along a tendon during motion of affected muscle
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How is it possible to document bursitis?
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Painful motion - usually in shoulder joint
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What is panniculitis?
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Inflammation of fibrous and fatty subcutaneous tissue - usually in women. Usually with redness of skin.
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