Physical Exam Of The Elbow

Front 1

the elbow is a ginglymus or ___ joint which is made of ___

Back 1

hinge; humeroulnar, humeroradial, radioulnar

Front 2

cubitus valgus

Back 2

when carrying angle is greater than normal

Front 3

cubitus varus

Back 3

carrying angle is less than normal

Front 4

flexion
biceps/brachialis/brachioradialis

Back 4

140-150
C5-C6

Front 5

extension
triceps

Back 5

0-5
C7

Front 6

supination
biceps/ supinator

Back 6

80-90
C5-C6

Front 7

Pronation
Pronator teres

Back 7

80-90
C6

Front 8

muscle tests biceps

Back 8

sitting patient flexes forearm to 90 with the humerus, keeping the forearm supinated. dr. puts pressure against the distal forearm to affect elbow extension

Front 9

muscle tests triceps

Back 9

seated or supine patient flexes their shoulder to about 90 and flexes elbow to 45. Examiner directs pressure to the wrist while stabilizing upper arm

Front 10

muscle tests brachioradialis

Back 10

sitting pt. flexes elbow with the forearm neutral between supination and pronation. dr. stabilizes elbow and directs pressure against lower forearm in direction of extension.

Front 11

muscle tests pronator teres

Back 11

pt sitting or supine holds elbow into side of body with elbow slightly flexed. dr. stabilizes the elbow and directs rotation to the forearm just above the wrist in direction of supination

Front 12

muscle tests supinator

Back 12

extended: the dr. supports the humerus above the elbow and directs force above the wrist in direction of pronation
flexed: pt is supine and flexes shoulder and elbow; examiner supports elbow and directs rotation to forearm in direction of pronation just above the wrist

Front 13

tennis elbow, Cozen's test

Back 13

seated pt. puts elbow into 90 and then tries to extend wrist against resistance; stresses attachment of wrist extensors at the lateral epicondyle and indicates lateral epicondylitis

Front 14

tennis elbow, Mill's test

Back 14

seated pt. puts elbow into 90 and tries to supinate aginst resistance; stresses attachment of supinator muscle at the lateral epicondyle and indicates lateral epicondylitis

Front 15

Golfer's elbow test

Back 15

seated pt. puts elbow into 90 and tries to flex the wrist against resistance; stresses attachment of wrist flexors at the medial epicondyle and may indicate medial epicondylitis

Front 16

adduction (varus) stress test

Back 16

pt. extends arm and medial force is applied to the wrist area while a lateral force is applied to the elbow, which stresses the lateral collateral ligament and may indicate a sprain or instability

Front 17

abduction (valgus) stress test

Back 17

pt. extends arm and a lateral force is applied to the wrist area while a medial force is applied at the elbow, which stresses the medial lateral collateral ligament and may indicate a sprain or instability.

Front 18

most commonly fractured bone of hand, risk of avascular necrosis, floor of snuffbox

Back 18

scaphoid or navicular

Front 19

articulates with first metacarpal

Back 19

trapezium

Front 20

largest carpal bone

Back 20

capitate

Front 21

most frequently displaced

Back 21

lunate

Front 22

PIP associated with

Back 22

Bouchard's nodes (RA/OA)

Front 23

DIP associated with

Back 23

Heberdon's nodes (OA)

Front 24

wrist flexion
flexor carpi radialis and ulnaris

Back 24

60-80
C7

Front 25

wrist extension
extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis
extersor carpi ulnaris

Back 25

60-70
C6

Front 26

ulnar deviation

Back 26

30

Front 27

radial deviation

Back 27

20

Front 28

finger flexion

Back 28

(MCP) 90
C8

Front 29

finger extension

Back 29

(MCP) 30-45
C7

Front 30

pinch mechanism/ opposition

Back 30

opponens pollicis and opponens digiti minimi

Front 31

muscle tests for opponens

Back 31

pt opposes thumb and little finger, while the examiner pulls apart

Front 32

muscle tests for opponens digiti minimi

Back 32

bring fifth digit into a position of flexion and slight rotation, a position of cupping the hand; dr stabalizes thumb side of hand and directs pressure against 5th metacarpal in direction of extension in effort to flatten palm

Front 33

Tinel's wrist sign

Back 33

tap pt's ventral writst with neuro hammer, which will aggravate an inflammed median nerve indicating CTS; may cause pain or tingling in thumb, first, middle, lateral ring finger

Front 34

Phalen's test

Back 34

flex both wrists and approximate them to each other and hold for 60 seconds; will compress the median nerve and cause pain or tingling along its distribution indicating CTS

Front 35

Finkelstein's test

Back 35

pt. makes a fist with the thumb tucked into the fist and gently ulnar deviates the pt's wrist. this causes radial styloid pain indicating stenosing tenosynovisitis of the thumb, or De Quervain's disease

Front 36

Allen's test

Back 36

pt opens and closes their hand by making a fist several times, then hold fist while dr occludes the radial and ulnar arteries. then have pt open their fist and release the pressure from one artery and observe the palmar flush, then repeat on other artery. if there is no flushing, there may be an occlusion of an artery

Front 37

ganglion cyst

Back 37

usually on dorsum of wrist; a cyst of nerve or tendon sheath