Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
55 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Lymph Node Exam (Inspection & Palpation)
|
(Size, location, tenderness, mobility, consistency) Cervical: occipital, post-auricular, pre-auricular, posterior cervical, anterior cervical, submandibular, submental, supraclavicular, infraclavicular Epitrochlear Axillary: central, lateral, medial, anterior, posterior |
|
|
General Abdomen (Inspection)
|
ID: RUQ, LUQ, RLQ, LLQ, periumbilical, epigastric, suprapubic ID: liver (RUQ), spleen (LUQ), kidneys (LLQ and RLQ), gallbladder (RUQ), stomach (LUQ/epigastric), gallbladder (RUQ), pancreas (LUQ), appendix (RLQ) movement with respiration, peristalsis, scars, discolorations, masses, general contour, hernias, diastasis rectus |
|
|
General Abdomen (Percussion)
|
all 4 quadrants (start away from tenderness) comment on tenderness comment of tympany and/or dullness CVA tenderness |
|
|
General Abdomen (Palpation)
|
start away from tenderness, superficial and then deep comment on: masses, tenderness, organomegaly Abdominal wall tenderness test DRE |
|
|
General Abdomen (Auscultation)
|
Bowel Sounds (pitch and frequency) Bruits: major arterial vasculature, enlarged organs |
|
|
General Abdomen (Special Tests)
|
Peritonitis: guarding, shake tenderness, cough tenderness, percussion tenderness, rebound tenderness Cholecystitis: Murphy's sign Appendicitis: ID location of McBurney's point |
|
|
Liver & spleen (Inspection) |
ID location of the liver Peripheral signs of liver disease: scleral icterus, jaundiced frenulum, palmar erythema, thenar atrophy, dupuytren's contractures, clubbing, terry's nails, laukonychia, asterixis, jaundiced skin, telangectasias, spider nevi, petechiae, gynecomastia, testicular atrophy, peripheral edema Inspect Abdomen: masses, scars, abdominal distension, distribution of venous pattern, caput medusa, ascites Spleen: location, inspect LUQ, ID traubes space and castell's point |
|
|
Liver & spleen (Percussion)
|
Upper liver border Lower liver border Comment on size Demonstrate and explain scratch test Spleen: traube's space and castell's point Improve sens: synchronously with deep respiration, position of pt on left side, elevation of left CVA by pt |
|
|
Liver & spleen (Palpation & Auscultation)
|
palpate synchronously with deep breathing Describe liver edge: texture, tenderness, pulsatality, regularity, nodularity Auscultate for bruits over liver and spleen (and rubs) |
|
|
Liver (Special tests)
|
Shifting dullness Fluid wave |
|
|
Hand and Wrist (Inspection)
|
-Dorsum: skin (redness, thinning, thickening), wrist (redness swelling deformity, deviation), MCP joints, DIP and PIP (redness, swelling, deformity, deviation), spaces between MCP joints, nail changes -Palm of hand: palmar erythema, tendon swelling, contractures, wasting of thenar/hypothenar eminence, wasting of small muscles on hand -Bouchard's nodes, Heberden's nodes, mallet finger, boutonniere deformities, swan neck deformities |
|
|
Hand and Wrist (Palpation)
|
tenderness, effusion, thickening, temperature Wrist: distal radial ulner joint, radiocarpal joint, carpal bones MCP joints: subluxation, stress testing, ligament stability PIP joints and DIP joints: ligament stability Palm of hand: flexor tendons (thickening, tenderness, nodules), soft tissues (thickening/contractures) CMC joint: anatomic stuff box, scaphoid bone |
|
|
Hand and Wrist (Active ROM)
|
ACTIVE Forearm: pronation and supination Wrist: flexion, extension, ulnar deviation, radial deviation Hand: flexion of MCPs Fingers: flexion of PIPs, DIPs, abduction, adduction, opposition PASSIVE Wrist: flexion, extension, ulnar deviation, radial deviation |
|
|
Hand and Wrist (Strength testing)
|
Forearm: pronation and supination Wrist: flexion, extension, ulnar deviation, radial deviation Hand: MCPs Fingers: DIPs, PIPs, abduction, adduction, opposition |
|
|
Hand and Wrist (special tests) |
Vascular status: radial pulse, capillary refill Neurosensory status: median nerve, ulnar nerve, radial nerve Carpal Tunnel: compression test, tinnels test, Phalen's test, Reverse Phalen's test DeQuervain's tenosynovitis: palpation Finkelstein's test |
|
|
Cervical Spine (Inspection)
|
Alignment of head and neck: anteriorally, laterally, posterioraly ID normal lordosis curvature |
|
|
Cervical Spine (Palpation)
|
Palpate for tenderness; paravertebral muscles, trapezius muscles, SCM mucles
|
|
|
Cervical Spine (Active ROM)
|
flexion extension rotation lateral flexion |
|
|
Cervical Spine (Strength testing & Reflexes)
|
flexion extension rotation lateral flexion Biceps (C5-6), brachioradialis (C5-6), Triceps (C6-7) |
|
|
Shoulder (Inspection)
|
Clavicle, humerus, scapula, scapular spine, acromio-clavicular joint, acromion, sternoclavicular joint, glenohumoral joint, deltoids muscle, supraspinatus muscles, intraspinatus muscles Inspect for: normal contour of shoulder and clavicle, muscle wasting, dislocations, redness, swelling |
|
|
Shoulder (Palpation)
|
Sternoclavicular joint, clavicle, coracoid process, bicipital groove, biceps tendon, acromioclavicular joint, glanohumoral joint, scapular spine, subacromial bursa |
|
|
Shoulder (ROM)
|
Active: flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, internal rotation, external rotation, protraction, retraction Passive: flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, internal rotation and external rotation |
|
|
Shoulder (Strength)
|
flexion extension abduction adduction internal rotation external rotation |
|
|
Shoulder (special tests)
|
Bicipital tendonitis: on palpation, Yergason's test, speed's maneuver Glenohumoral stability: apprehension test Frozen shoulder test: glenohumoral versus scapulothoracic motion Acromioclavicular disorder: cross arm test Rotator cuff injury: subscapularis (lift off test), supraspinatus (Job's test. drop arm test), infraspinatus (resisted external rotation test) Impingement: painful arc test, Neer's test, Hawkings test, |
|
|
Ankle and Foot (Inspection)
|
Assess Gait Ankle and foot: swelling, bruising and discoloration, redness, warmth, scars, muscle wasting and deformities Foot: hallux valgus, clawing, crowding, hammer toes, cockup toes, nail changes, calluses, symmetry of the arches, pes planus or pes cavus |
|
|
Ankle and Foot (Palpation)
|
Palpate for tenderness: - distal 6 cm of tibia, distal 6 cm of fibula, medial malleolus, lateral malleolus, ankle joint capsule, heel, across the metatarsalphalangeal joints, Achilles tendon |
|
|
Ankle and Foot (ROM & Strength)
|
Active and Passive: plantar flexion, dorsiflexion, inversion, eversion Strength: plantar flexion, dorsiflexion, inversion, eversion |
|
|
Angle and Foot (special tests)
|
Laxity of the anterior talofibular ligament Achilles tendon rupture midtarsal joint sprain assess neurovascular status |
|
|
Knee (Inspection)
|
Describe surface anatomy Assess Gait ID: differences in joint symmetry, normal alignment, patellar tracking, misalignment (varus, valgus, hyperextension), prominence of tubual tuberosities (Osgood Schlatter's), muscle wasting, muscle hypertrophy, scars, redness, swelling/masses, discoloration/bruising |
|
|
Knee (Palpation)
|
measure quad circumference Palpate for: differences in temperature, joint line tenderness, crepitus, tenderness around sides of patella, MCL tenderness, LCL tenderness Effusions? Patellar tap, bulge sign, ballotment test |
|
|
Knee (ROM)
|
Active and Passive: flexion and extension |
|
|
Knee (special tests)
|
Evaluate stability of: MCL, LCL, ACL (anterior drawer test, lachman's test), PCL Meniscal tears: McMurray's test, Thessaly test Apprehension test for patellar dislocation |
|
|
Hip (Inspection)
|
Surface anatomy: ASIS, PSIS, pubis symphysis, inguinal ligament, iliac crest, greater trochanter, trochanteric bursa assess gait Differences in symmetry, normal alignment, misalignment/deformities, related muscle wasting, related muscle hypertrophy, scars, redness, swelling/masses, discoloration/bruising levelness of iliac crests, abductor weakness (Trendelenburg) |
|
|
Hip (Palpation)
|
Measure- true leg length, apparent leg length, quadriceps circumference along inguinal ligament, inferior to the inguinal ligament, over the greater trochanter, over ASIS, over PSIS, over the sacro-iliac joints |
|
|
Hip (ROM)
|
Active and Passive: flexion, extension, abduction, adduction Passive: internal rotation, external rotation |
|
|
Hip (strength testing)
|
Hip flexors Hip extensors Hip Abductors Hip adductors |
|
|
Hip (special tests)
|
Thomas' test Modified Thomas test |
|
|
Thoracolumbar spine (inspection)
|
Assess gait lordosis, scoliosis, kyphosis, swelling/masses, redness, muscle spasms, scars, levelness of iliac crests Abductor weakness (trendelenburg) |
|
|
Thoracolumbar spine (palpation & percussion)
|
paraspinal muscles, spinous processes, interspinous ligaments, sacroiliac joints, sciatic nerve exit, bursa (trochanteric, ischial) tone of the paraspinal muscles percuss for tenderness |
|
|
Thoracolumbar spine (ROM)
|
Active:
flexion extension lateral flexion rotation |
|
|
Thoracolumbar spine (strength and sensation or nerve roots and reflexes) |
Strength: L1-2, L2-3, L3-4, L4-5, L5, L5-S1,S1 Sensation: L4, L5, S1 Reflexes: patellar, achilles |
|
|
Thoracolumbar spine (special tests) |
Saddle parethesia anal reflexes DRE modified Schober's, straight leg raise, crosses straight les raise, sacroiliac stress |
|
|
Respiratory Exam (Inspection) |
Breathing: rate, rhythm, depth, symmetry Signs of resp distress: stridor, wheezing, hoarse voice, inability to speak in full sentences, central cyanosis, peripheral cyanosis, accessory muscles (nasal flaring, scalene retractions, SCM use), indrawing (suprasternal, intercostal, subcostal, subrasternal notch, tracheal tug) position of trachea, pectus excavatum/carinatum, barrel chest, scoliosis, kyphosis, pallor, nail clubbing, nicotine stains, general wasting paradoxical breathing (and explain) |
|
|
Respiratory Exam (Palpation) |
tenderness rubs crepitus tactile vocal fremitus expansion (symmetry) Hoover's sign |
|
|
Respiratory Exam (percussion) |
Anterior Lateral Posterior (comment on dullness and hyperresonance) |
|
|
Respiratory Exam (Auscultation) |
anterior lateral posterior identify and localize normal sounds (tracheal, bronchial, bronchovesicular, vesicular) comment on sounds (symmetry, quality) Comment on adventitious sounds (wheezes/rhonchi, crackles/rales, rubs) |
|
|
Respiratory Exam (Special tests) |
diaphragmatic excursion Egophany Whispering pectoriloquy |
|
|
Precordial (Inspection) |
deformities of the chest scars lifts heaves apex beat ID location: aortic valuve, pulmonary valve, Tricuspid valve, mitral valve |
|
|
Precordial (Palpation) |
Lifts and Heaves characterize the Apex beat demonstrate two techniques to accentuate |
|
|
Precordial (Auscultation) |
All valves ID: s1, s2, s3, s4, split s2, murmurs, opening snap, rubs Demonstate techniques to accentuate mitral and aortic murmurs notes location of radiation of mitral and aortic murmurs |
|
|
Precordial (Carotid pulse) |
characterize in terms of rate, rhythm, amplitude and contour Palpate for thrills Auscultate for bruits |
|
|
Peripheral Vascular Exam (Inspection) |
Lower limbs: color, hair distribution, skin thickness, ulcerations, varicosities, edema, scars, muscle wasting, in between toes, nail growth and appearance Describe differences in arterial and venous insufficiencies: skin color, skin thickness, hair distribution, edema, ulceration, insufficiency changes ID: the peripheral arteries: radial, brachial, abdominal aorta, femoral, popliteal, dorsalis pedis, posterior tibial |
|
|
Peripheral Vascular Exam (Palpation) |
temperature, cap refill, edema measure calf circumference (rate rhythm, symmetry, amplitude, contour) Brachial and radial pulses Symmetry and Amplitude: Abdo Aorta, femoral, popliteal, dorsalis pedis, posterior tibial Radiofemoral delay, peripheral palpable BP, auscultory BP, pulsus paradoxus |
|
|
Peripheral Vascular Exam (Auscultation) |
brachial, abdominal aorta, renal iliac, femoral - comment on bruits |
|
|
Peripheral Vascular Exam (Special tests) |
surface anatomy of the saphenous veins arterial insufficiency: Allen's test, straight leg raise and refill test venous insufficiency: incompetent saphenous vein test |
