Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
111 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
The threats that an organization faces are
|
• Natural environmental threats
• Supply system threats • Manmade threats • Politically motivated threats |
|
|
Define Natural environmental threats
|
Floods, earthquakes, storms and tornadoes, fires, extreme temperature conditions, and so forth
|
|
|
Define Supply system threats
|
Power distribution outages, communications interruptions, and interruption of other natural energy resources such as
water, steam, gas, and so on |
|
|
Define Manmade threats
|
Unauthorized access (both internal and external), explosions, damage by angry employees, employee errors and accidents, vandalism, fraud, theft, and others
|
|
|
Define Politically motivated threats
|
Strikes, riots, civil disobedience, terrorist attacks, bombings, and so forth
|
|
|
When we discuss life safety, protecting human life is considered what
|
The first priority
|
|
|
When Physical security works together in a tiered architecture this is called
|
layered defense model
|
|
|
An organization’s physical security program should address what 5 goals
|
• Deterrence
• Delaying • Detection • Assessment • Response |
|
|
How is Crime and disruption prevention through deterrence met
|
Fences, security guards, warning signs,
|
|
|
How is Reduction of damage through the use of delaying mechanisms met
|
Layers of defenses that slow down the adversary, such as locks, security personnel, and barriers
|
|
|
How is Crime or disruption detection met
|
Smoke detectors, motion detectors, CCTV, and so forth
|
|
|
How is Incident assessment met
|
Response of security guards to detected incidents and determination of damage level
|
|
|
How is Response procedures met
|
Fire suppression mechanisms, emergency response processes, law enforcement notification, and consultation with outside security professionals
|
|
|
What is Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design
|
(CPTED) is a discipline that outlines how the proper design of a physical environment can reduce crime by directly
affecting human behavior. CPTED and target hardening are two different approaches define target Harding Target hardening focuses on denying access through physical and artificial barriers (alarms, locks, fences, and so on). Traditional target hardening can lead to restrictions on the use, enjoyment, and aesthetics of an environment. |
|
|
Define Natural access control
|
the guidance of people entering and leaving a space by the placement of doors, fences, lighting, and even landscaping.
|
|
|
What are bollards
|
Bollards are short posts commonly used to prevent vehicular access and to protect a building or people walking on a sidewalk from vehicles. They can also be used to direct foot traffic.
|
|
|
How is physical access controls commonly implemented within different organizations:
|
• Limit the number of entry points.
• Force all guests to go to a front desk and sign in before entering the environment. • Reduce the number of entry points even further after hours or during the weekend, when not as many employees are around. • Have a security guard validate a picture ID before allowing entrance. • Require guests to sign in and be escorted. • Encourage employees to question strangers. |
|
|
What is the goal of natural surveillance?
|
natural surveillance is to make criminals feel uncomfortable by providing many ways observers could potentially see them and to make all other people feel safe and comfortable, by providing an open and well-designed environment.
|
|
|
What are some issues with selecting a Facility Site
|
• Visibility
• Surrounding area and external entities • Accessibility • Natural disaster |
|
|
What are the concerns of Visibility a facility
|
• Surrounding terrain
• Building markings and signs • Types of neighbors • Population of the area |
|
|
What are the concerns of Surrounding area and external entities to a facility
|
• Crime rate, riots, terrorism attacks
• Proximity to police, medical, and fire stations • Possible hazards from surrounding area |
|
|
What are the concerns of Accessibility to a facility
|
• Road access
• Traffic • Proximity to airports, train stations, and highways |
|
|
What are the concerns of Natural disaster to a facility
|
• Likelihood of floods, tornadoes, earthquakes, or hurricanes
• Hazardous terrain (mudslides, falling rock from mountains, or excessive snow or rain) |
|
|
What are some construction issues when designing a facility
|
- Walls
- Doors - Ceilings - Windows - Flooring - Heating and Air Conditioning - Power Supplies - Water and Gas Lines - Fire Detection and Suppression |
|
|
what are some of the specific construction issues for Walls
|
• Combustibility of material (wood, steel, concrete)
• Fire rating • Reinforcements for secured areas |
|
|
what are some of the specific construction issues Doors
|
• Combustibility of material (wood, pressed board, aluminum)
• Fire rating • Resistance to forcible entry • Emergency marking • Placement • Locked or controlled entrances • Alarms • Secure hinges • Directional opening • Electric door locks that revert to an unlocked state for safe evacuation in power outages • Type of glass—shatterproof or bulletproof glass requirements |
|
|
What are some of the specific construction issues Ceilings
|
• Combustibility of material (wood, steel, concrete)
• Fire rating • Weight-bearing rating • Drop-ceiling considerations |
|
|
What are some of the specific construction issues Windows
|
• Translucent or opaque requirements
• Shatterproof • Alarms • Placement • Accessibility to intruders |
|
|
What are some of the specific construction issues Flooring
|
• Weight-bearing rating
• Combustibility of material (wood, steel, concrete) • Fire rating • Raised flooring (electrical grounding) • Nonconducting surface and material |
|
|
What are some of the specific construction issues Heating and Air Conditioning
|
• Positive air pressure
• Protected intake vents • Dedicated power lines • Emergency shutoff valves and switches • Placement |
|
|
What are some of the specific construction issues Power Supplies
|
• Backup and alternate power supplies
• Clean and steady power source • Dedicated feeders to required areas • Placement and access to distribution panels and circuit breakers |
|
|
What are some of the specific construction issues Water and Gas Lines
|
• Shutoff valves—labeled and brightly painted for visibility
• Positive flow (material flows out of building, not in) • Placement—properly located and labeled |
|
|
What are some of the specific construction issues Fire Detection and Suppression
|
• Placement of sensors and detectors
• Placement of suppression systems • Type of detectors and suppression agents |
|
|
Why is load a factor in a facility design
|
How much weight that can be held of a building’s walls, floors and ceilings needs to be estimated and projected to ensure that the building will not collapse in different situations.
|
|
|
What is positive flow for water and gas consideration?
|
Positive flow (water and gas lines) means that material should flow out of building, not in
|
|
|
In building design internal partitions have what importance
|
Many buildings have hung ceilings, meaning the interior partitions may not extend above the ceiling; therefore an intruder can lift a ceiling panel and climb over the partition.
|
|
|
What is a mantrap
|
A mantrap is a small room with two doors. The first door is locked; a person is identified and authenticated by a security guard, biometric system, smart card reader, or swipe card reader. Once the person is authenticated and
access is authorized, the first door opens and allows the person into the mantrap. |
|
|
What is fail-safe
|
means that if a power disruption occurs that affects the automated locking system, the doors default to being unlocked. Fail-safe deals directly with protecting people. If people work in an area and there is a fire or the power is lost, it is not a good idea to lock them in.
|
|
|
what is fail-secure
|
means that the doors default to being locked if there are any problems with the power.
What are the different types of widows |
|
|
What are the different types of widows
|
• Standard No extra protection. The cheapest and lowest level of protection.
• Tempered Glass is heated and then cooled suddenly to increase its integrity and strength. • Acrylic A type of plastic instead of glass. Polycarbonate acrylics are stronger than regular acrylics. • Wired A mesh of wire is embedded between two sheets of glass. This wire helps prevent the glass from shattering. • Laminated The plastic layer between two outer glass layers. The plastic layer helps increase its strength against breakage. • Solar window film Provides extra security by being tinted and offers extra strength due to the film’s material. • Security film Transparent film is applied to the glass to increase its strength. |
|
|
What should be considered when thinking about data centers
|
Data centers should be located at the core of a building, to provide protection from natural disasters or bombs and to provide easier access to emergency crews if necessary. The data processing center should be constructed as one room rather than different individual rooms.
|
|
|
If the safe has a passive relocking it provides what function
|
it can detect when someone attempts to tamper with it, in which case extra internal bolts will fall into place to ensure
it cannot be compromised. |
|
|
If a safe has a thermal relocking what function does it provide
|
When a certain temperature is met (possibly from drilling), an extra lock is implemented to ensure the
valuables are properly protected. |
|
|
Where should water sensors be placed
|
Water sensors should be placed under the raised floors. Since most of the wiring and cables run under the raised floors, it is important that water does not get to these places and, if it does, that an alarm sound if water is detected.
|
|
|
Protecting power can be done in three ways: through UPSs, power line conditioners, and backup sources define each
|
Standby UPS devices stay inactive until a power line fails. The system has sensors that detect a power failure, and the load is switched to the battery pack. The switch to the battery pack is what causes the small delay in electricity being provided.
Online UPS systems use AC line voltage to charge a bank of batteries. When in use, the UPS has an inverter that changes the DC output from the batteries into the required AC form and that regulates the voltage as it powers computer devices. Online UPS systems have the normal primary power passing through them day in and day out. They constantly provide power from their own inverters, even when the electric power is in proper use. Backup power supplies are necessary when there is a power failure and the outage will last longer than a UPS can last. Backup supplies can be a redundant line from another electrical substation or from a motor generator. |
|
|
RFI can be caused by anything that creates radio waves but what is the most common cause of RFI in buildings
|
Fluorescent lighting is one of the main causes of RFI within buildings today
|
|
|
What does bob frequently buys shoes in shoe stores have to do with power
|
• Blackout Prolonged, complete loss of electric power
• Fault Momentary power outage • Brownout Prolonged power supply that is below normal voltage • Sag/dip Momentary low-voltage condition, from one cycle to a few seconds • In-rush current Initial surge of current required to start a load • Surge Prolonged high voltage • Spike Momentary high voltage |
|
|
What can be used to ensure a clean and smooth distribution of power.
|
Voltage regulators and line conditioners
|
|
|
Define Ground
|
The pahtway to the earth to enabled excessive voltage to dissipate
|
|
|
Define Noise
|
Electromagnetic or frequency intererence that disrupts the power flow and can cause fluctations
|
|
|
Define Transient noise
|
Short duration of power line disruption
|
|
|
Define Clean power
|
Power that does not fluctuate
|
|
|
Why is it recommended that data centers have its own temperature control
|
Maintaining appropriate temperature and humidity is important in any facility, especially facilities with computer systems. Improper levels of either can cause damage to computers and electrical devices. High humidity can cause corrosion, and low humidity can cause excessive static electricity.
|
|
|
What are the proper temperature and humidity levels in data center
|
Humidity should be kept between 40% and 60%, and the temperature should be between 70°F and 74°F.
|
|
|
What temperature damages Computer systems and peripheral devices
|
175°F
|
|
|
What temperature damages Magnetic storage devices
|
100°F
|
|
|
What temperature damages Paper products
|
350°F
|
|
|
What is Positive pressurization
|
When an employee opens a door, the air goes out and outside air does not come in. If a facility were on fire, you would want the smoke to go out the doors instead of being pushed back in when people are fleeing.
|
|
|
What are the four classes of fire
|
A Common combustibles Water or Soda Acid
B Liquid CO2, Soda Acid or Halon C Electrical CO2 or Halon D Combustible metals Magnesium, sodium, potassium Dry powder |
|
|
How does Water react to fire
|
Suppresses the temperature required to sustain the fire.
|
|
|
How does Soda Acid react to fire
|
Suppresses the fuel supply of the fire
|
|
|
How does CO2 react to fire
|
Suppresses the oxygen supply required to sustain the fire
|
|
|
How does Halon react to fire
|
Suppresses the combustion through a chemical reaction
|
|
|
What are the replacements for halon
|
FM-200, NAF-S-III, CEA-410, FE-13, Water, Inergen, Argon, Argonite.
|
|
|
Define Smoke activated sensors
|
Photoelectric device.
|
|
|
Define Heat activated sensors
|
Rate-of-rise temperature sensors and fixed-temperature sensors.
|
|
|
Define Flame activated sensors
|
Senses the infrared energy
|
|
|
Define Automatic Dial-up Alarm sensors
|
Call the local fire station to report detected fire.
|
|
|
what is a Wet Pipe
|
Always contain water in the pipes and are usually discharged by temperature control level sensors. One disadvantage of wet pipe systems is that the water in the pipes may freeze in colder climates. Also,
if there is a nozzle or pipe break, it can cause extensive water damage. These types of systems are also called closed head systems. |
|
|
what is a Dry Pipe
|
The water is held by a valve until a specific temperature is reached. There is a time delay between the predefined temperature being met and the release of water. The water is contained in a “holding tank” until it is released.
|
|
|
what is a Preaction
|
Are similar to dry pipe systems in that the water is not held in the pipes, but is released when the pressurized air within the pipes is reduced. Once this happens, the pipes are filled with water, but it is not released right away. A thermal-fusible link on the sprinkler head has to melt before the water is released. The purpose of combining these two techniques is to give people more time to respond to false alarms or to small fires that can be handled by other means. These systems are usually used only in data processing environments rather than the whole building, because of the higher cost of these types of systems.
|
|
|
what is a Deluge
|
has its sprinkler heads wide open to allow a larger volume of water to be released in a shorter period. Because the water being released is in such large volumes, these systems are usually not used in data
processing environments. |
|
|
What Are the most inexpensive access control mechanisms and considered a deterrent to semiserious intruders and delaying to serious intruders.
|
Locks
|
|
|
what types of locks are usually used on doors.
|
Preset Locks
|
|
|
which locks use keypads to control access into an area or facility.
|
Cipher Locks / programmable locks
|
|
|
What are common features options available on many cipher locks:
|
Door delay: If the door is held open for a long period of time, an alarm will trigger to alert personnel of suspicious activity.
|
|
|
What is Key-override
|
A specific combination can be programmed to be used in emergency situations to override usual procedures or for supervisory overrides.
|
|
|
What is Master-keying
|
Enables supervisory personnel to change access codes and other features of the cipher lock.
|
|
|
What is a Hostage alarm
|
If an individual is in duress and/or held hostage, there can be a combination he or she enter to communicate this situation to the guard station and/or police station.
|
|
|
Define Device Locks
|
To protect devices by using Switch controls, slot locks, port controls, peripheral switch control and cable traps.
|
|
|
What is a smart lock
|
This provides more accountability, because each individual is responsible for keeping his access code
secret, and entry and exit activities can be logged and tracked. Hotel key cards are also known as smart cards. |
|
|
What is Piggybacking
|
When an individual gains unauthorized access by using someone else’s legitimate credentials or access right Usually an individual just follows another person closely through a door without providing any credentials. The best preventive measures against piggybacking are to have security guards at access points and
to educate employees about good security practices. |
|
|
What are the two types of Wireless Proximity Readers
|
user-activated (action needs to be taken by a user) or system sensing (no action needs to be taken by the user).
User activated - Transmits a sequence of values to the reader System sensing - Will recognize the presence of the coded device within a specific area. |
|
|
Define Transponders
|
A transponder is a proximity identification device that does not require action by the user. The reader transmits signals to the device, and the device responds with an access code.
|
|
|
Define a Passive devices
|
The card does not have any power source of its own
|
|
|
Define Field-powered devices
|
The card and reader contain a transmitter and active electronics.
|
|
|
A fence 3-4 feet does what for protection
|
Deter casual trespassers
|
|
|
a fence 6-7 feet does what for security
|
Considered too high to climb easy
|
|
|
A fence 8 feet with 3 strands of barbed wire is will do what
|
Deter intruders
|
|
|
Why is lighting considered a security and safety mechanism
|
Because it is used to discourage intruders and provide safety for personnel, entrances, parking
areas and critical sections. |
|
|
What is the consideration when lighting critical areas
|
Critical areas need to have illumination that reaches at least eight feet with the illumination of two foot-candles.
|
|
|
What is Perimeter Intrusion Detection and Assessment System PIDAS
|
(PIDAS) is a type of fencing that has sensors located on the wire mesh and at the base of the fence. It is
used to detect if someone attempts to cut or climb the fence. It has a passive cable vibration sensor that sets off an alarm if an intrusion is detected. PIDAS is very sensitive and can cause many false alarms. |
|
|
What are the four Gate distinct classifications:
|
Class I-IV
|
|
|
What type gate is rated as a Class I
|
Residential usage.
|
|
|
What type gate is rated as a Class II
|
Commercial usage, where general public access is expected; examples include a public parking lot entrance, a gated community, or a self storage facility.
|
|
|
What type gate is rated as a Class III
|
Industrial usage, where limited access is expected; an example is a warehouse property entrance not intended to serve the general public.
|
|
|
What type gate is rated as a Class IV
|
Restricted access; this includes a prison entrance that is monitored
either in person or via closed circuitry. |
|
|
What is glare protection
|
Pointing lights away from guards an towards entry points
|
|
|
What is referred to as continuous lighting
|
An array of lights that provides an even amount of illumination across an area
|
|
|
What is standby lighting
|
You probably are familiar with the special home lighting gadgets that turn certain lights on and off at predetermined times, giving the illusion to potential burglars that a house is occupied even when the residents are away.
|
|
|
What is Responsive area illumination
|
takes place when an IDS detects suspicious activities and turns on the lights within a specific area. When this type of technology is plugged into automated IDS products, there is a high likelihood of false alarms.
|
|
|
What are Three main categories of Surveillance Devices
|
- Patrol Force and Guards - Can make determinations
- Dogs - Are loyal, reliable and have a sense of smell and hearing - Visual Recording Devices: Camera, CCTV |
|
|
What is charged coupled devices (CCDs)
|
The CCD is an electrical circuit that receives input light from the lens and converts it into an electronic signal, which is then displayed on the monitor.
|
|
|
What is a Electromechanical systems
|
work by detecting a change or break in a circuit. The electrical circuits can be strips of foil embedded or connected to windows.
|
|
|
What is a photoelectric system (or photometric system)
|
detects the change in a light beam and thus can be used only in windowless rooms. These systems work like photoelectric smoke detectors, which emit a beam that hits the receiver.
|
|
|
What is a passive infrared system
|
(PIR) identifies the changes of heat waves in an area it is configured to monitor. If the particles’ temperature within the air rises, it could be an indication of the presence of an intruder, so an alarm is sounded
|
|
|
What are acoustical detection system
|
.
uses microphones installed on floors, walls, or ceilings. The goal is to detect any sound made during a forced entry. Although these systems are easily installed, they are very sensitive and cannot be used in areas open to sounds of storms or traffic. |
|
|
What are Vibration sensors
|
implemented to detect forced entry. Financial institutions may choose to implement these types of sensors on exterior walls, where bank robbers may attempt to drive a vehicle through. They are also commonly used around the ceiling and flooring of vaults to detect someone trying to make an unauthorized bank withdrawal.
|
|
|
What are Wave-pattern motion detectors
|
differ in the frequency of the waves they monitor. The different frequencies are microwave, ultrasonic, and low frequency. All of these devices generate a wave pattern that is sent over a sensitive area and reflected back to a receiver. If the pattern is returned undisturbed, the device does nothing. If the pattern returns altered, because something in the room is moving, an alarm sounds.
|
|
|
A The HVAC system should maintain what
|
the appropriate temperature and humidity levels and provide closed-loop recirculating air-conditioning and positive
pressurization and ventilation. |
|
|
What does fire need to flourish
|
A fire needs high temperatures, oxygen, and fuel. To suppress it, one or more of those items needs to be reduced or eliminated.
|
