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45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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heart rate |
the number of heart beats per unit of time based on the contractions of the ventricles |
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cardiac output |
the amount of blood the heart pumps in one minute measured in litres (SV x BPM) |
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oxygen uptake |
maximum rate of oxygen consumption as measured during incremental exercise |
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respiratory rate |
measured when a person is at rest and involves counting the number of breaths for one minute |
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tidal volume |
difference between volumes after a normal inhalation and a normal exhalation |
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vital capacity |
the greatest volume of air expelled from lungs after taking deepest possible breath |
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stroke volume |
amount of blood ejected by the left ventricle in one contraction |
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ventilation |
amount of air breathed in and out in one minute |
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VO2 max |
the maximum amount of oxygen that can be used up by muscles during exercise |
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veins |
carry deoxygenated blood, have thin, elastic wall, flow is consistent, have one valve to prevent backflow, contractions of muscles causes flow back to heart |
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artery |
carry oxygen-rich blood away from heart to body, have thick, elastic wall |
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capillary |
smallest blood vessel, site of waste exchange, very thin walls, connect arteries to veins |
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red blood cells |
99% of all blood cells, carries O2 + CO2 to and from cells and muscles, produced in bone marrow, have lifespan of four months |
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white blood cells |
vary in shape and size, larger than rbc, pass through capillary walls to help fight disease, lifespan of few days |
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platelets |
cells which cause blood to clot when a vessel is damaged, produced in bone marrow, smaller than rbc |
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plasma |
a yellowy solution made up of 90% water, fluid that blood cells, nutrients and waste float in |
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diastolic blood pressure |
pressure of blood in the arteries during left ventricle relaxation |
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systolic blood pressure |
pressure of blood being forced into arteries during left ventricle contraction |
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aorta |
artery that carries blood directly from the heart to the rest of the body |
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bicuspid valve |
valve between left atrium and left ventricle |
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inferior vena cava |
receives blood from lower limbs and abdominal organs and empties into the posterior part of the right atrium of the heart |
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septum |
a wall of tissue that divides the right and left chambers of the heart |
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superior vena cava |
receives blood from head and arms and chest and empties into the right atrium of the heart |
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pulmonary & aortic valve |
valves stopping blood from flowing back into the ventricles from the arteries |
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tricuspid valve |
located between right atrium and right ventricle, closes when the right ventricle contracts and prevents backflow into right atrium |
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heart |
hollow, muscular organ in the centre of chest that pumps blood throughout the body |
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blood |
has plasma, red and white blood cells and platelets |
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atria |
upper chambers of heart that receive blood that comes into the heart |
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ventricles |
lower chambers of heart that pump blood out of heart |
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pacemaker |
a group of cells that adjusts the rate of a heart beat |
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valve |
a flap of tissue that prevents blood from flowing backwards |
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nasal cavity |
warms and cleans air from outside the body |
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larynx |
the 'adams apple,' contains vocal chords which allow speech as air passes through |
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bronchioles |
each bronchus subdivides into a series of subdividing ___________ |
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alveoli |
tiny air sacs, each is only one cell thick and is heavily surrounded by capillaries |
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bronchi |
divides into two after trachea, the two pairs feed one of the lungs |
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trachea |
the windpipe, constructed by rings of hyaline cartilage and sits behind sternum |
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pharynx |
where back of the mouth and nasal passage meet, food is passed into oesophagus |
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pleura |
membrane covers each lung, prevents friction between lungs and surrounding body tissue |
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diaphragm |
involuntary, smooth muscle which expands and contracts to control breathing, causes chest cavity to increase and decrease in size |
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inspiratory reserve volume |
maximal amount of additional air that can be drawn into lungs by determined effort after normal expiration |
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expiratory reserve volume |
additional amount of air that can be expired from lungs by determined effort after normal exhalation |
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residual volume |
air that remains in lungs after a maximum expiration |
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expiration |
breathing out |
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inspiration |
breathing in |
