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75 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Is the cornea pain sensitive?
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Yes
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What CN is responsible for the corneal reflex?
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CN 5
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What CN controls pupillary constriction?
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CN 3
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What do ocular veins look like?
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Darker red and thicker than the arteries
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Where is the macula in relation to the optic disc?
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two optic disc diameters from the disc, toward the temporal side of the fundus
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What does central blindness indicate?
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macular damage possible from diabetes or macular degeneration
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What does peripheral blindness indicate?
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increased intraocular pressure from glaucoma
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unilateral blindness suggests what?
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lesion of the globe or optic nerve
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Bitemporal hemianopia is most commonly caused by what?
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pituitary tumor at the optic chiasm
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unilateral nasal hemianopia suggests a lesion where?
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at thr outer uncrossed fibers of the optic chiasm possibly from pressure from an internal carotid artery aneurysm
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What is exopthalamos?
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protrusion of one or both eyeballs
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What produces exopthalamos?
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tumors, injuries, or cavernous sinus thrombosis
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What thyroid condition presents with exopthalamos?
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hyperthyroidism if bilateral
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If the eye is pulsatile, what could be happening?
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aneurysm of the internal carotid artery
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What is dacrostenosis?
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the obstruction of the nasolacrimal duct
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What is dacrocyctitis?
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infection of the lacrimal sac
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How is dacrocyctitis diagnosed?
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elevated WBC, fever, pus from the lacrimal duct
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What is blepharitis?
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inflammation of the lid margins with redness, thickening and formation of scales and crusts
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What is a hordeolum?
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localized infection of the glands of Zeis or Moss. Can also effect the eye lash follicle.
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What is the common term for hordeolum?
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sty
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What is a chalazion?
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retention cyst of the meibomian gland
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what is the difference between a hordeolum and a chalazion?
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Hordeolum is painful on palpation
Chalazion is not Hordeolum projects outward Chalazion projects inward |
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What is ptosis?
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when the upper eye lid covers all or part of the pupil
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What is Xanthelasma?
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ratty, yellowish lesions on the upper or lower eyelids
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What is acute conjunctivitis?
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inflammation of the conjunctiva cause by virus, bacteria, or allergy
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What color of exuate is consistent with a bacterial conjunctivitis?
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Green or yellowish
Viral and allergic produces watery clear exuade |
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What is a trachoma?
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chronic conjunctivitis caused by chlamydia trachomatis. causes scarring of the conjunctiva, cornea, and eyelids
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What is uveitis?
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inflammation of any component of the uveal tract (iris, cillary body, or choroid)
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What are the symptoms of uveitis?
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eye pain with photophobia
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What is iritis?
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inflammation of the iris
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What are the symptoms of iritis?
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a red halo around the iris and cornea
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What disease can iritis produce?
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glaucoma
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What is hyphema?
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blood in the anterior compartment of the eye usually caused by trauma
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What is herpes zoster ophthalmicus
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varicella zoster virus infection involving the eye
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What supplement should be used with all herpes zoster infections?
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Lauric Acid
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What is Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca?
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chronic, bilateral, dryness of the conjunctiva and cornea due to inadequate tear production
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What causes keratoconjunctivitis sicca?
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Sjogren's syndrome (auto immune)
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What is the treatment of KS
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artificial tears
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What is keratoconus?
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bilateral coning out of the cornea beginning 10 - 20 years of age
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What is the end result of keratoconus?
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corneal transplant
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What is arcus senilis?
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grayish white deposit of lipoid material around the iris
No effect on vision |
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What is anisocoria?
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unequal pupil size
normal in 5 - 20% |
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What is miosis?
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pupils fixed and constricted less than 2 mm
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What is mydriasis?
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pupils fixed and dialated more than 6 mm
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What are the symptoms of CN 3 damage?
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dilated pupil that fails to respond to light or accommodation with ptosis and lateral deviation of the eye
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What is an argyll robetrtson pupil?
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small irregular pupols that react to accommodation but not to light
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What diseases correspond to argyll robertson pupil?
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polio, MS, ETOH
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What is papilledema?
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swelling of the optic nerve head due to increased ICP.
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What is hypertensive retinopathy?
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retinopathy from increased BP
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What are the signs of hypertensive retinopathy?
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narrowed retinal arteries
a/v nicking flame hemorrhages cotton wool exudate |
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What is diabetic retinopathy?
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retinal changes characteristic of diabetes mellitus
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What are the S/S of diabetic retinopathy?
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microaneurysms
dot hemorrhages neovascularization near the macula |
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What is age related macular degeneration?
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degeneration of the macula with blindness in the central vision and spared in the peripheral.
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What are the S/S of macular degeneration?
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drusen - small yellow spots on the retina
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What is retinal detachment?
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separation of the neural retina from the underlying retinal pigment epithelium
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What are the S/S of retinal detachment?
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new floaters
flashes of light loss of one quadrant of vision |
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What is retinitis pigmentosa?
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slowly progressive, bilateral, retinal degeneration.
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What does retinitis pigmentosa look like through a scope?
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dark pigmentation in a bone spicule pattern against the red retinal background
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What can slow retinitis pigmentosa?
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Vit. A
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What are the normal variants of ophthalmoloscopy.
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scleral crescent
drusen myelinated nerve fibers |
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What are the Warning Signs of the eye?
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Hemorrhages and exudates
microaneurysms A/V nicking |
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What is tinnitus?
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perception of sound in the absence of an acoustic stimulus - ringing in the ears
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What causes tinnitus?
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exposure to loud noises
barotrauma cerumen meniere's disease ototoxic drugs |
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What are the causes of sudden deafness?
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vascular compromise
viral infection autoimmune disease intracochlear membrane rupture |
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What is presbycusis?
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hearing loss that occurs as age increases - may be genetic or acquired
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What are ototoxic drugs?
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aminoglycoside antibiotics
ASA quinine antineoplastic drugs |
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What is Tophi?
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deposition of gout crystals in and around the joints of the ear
can be located on the exterior ear canal |
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What is the significance of an earlobe crease?
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increased risk for CAD secondary to hypercholesterolemia
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What is Meniere's disease?
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severe, recurring vertigo, hearing loss, tinnitus and fullness in the ear due to overproduction of endolymph
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What is angular stomatitis?
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red sores at the corners of the mouth due to a deficiency of vitamine B2, B3, B6 or iron.
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What is apthous stomatitis?
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canker sore. presents with white circular lesion with a red border
not contagious |
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What are the expected diagnostic criteria for strep throat?
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tonsillar exudate
lymphadenopathy temp. greater than 101 F no cough no rhinorhea |
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What does oral Kaposi's sarcoma present like?
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bruise like lesions on the hard palate
AIDS related |
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What is Acute Necrotizing Ulcerative gingivitis?
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AKA trench mouth
infection affecting the marginal and attached gingiva |
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What is atrophic glossitis?
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a smooth glossy appearance to the tongue.
Suggests deficiency of B vit. and iron |
