Physical Diagnosis Lecture 1 Vocab

Front 1

Asteastosis

Back 1

dry flaky skin. A sign of aging

Front 2

Comedones

Back 2

adult blackheads, a sign of aging

Front 3

Ecchymosis

Back 3

contusion or bruise

Front 4

Purpura

Back 4

Purpura is purple-colored spots and patches that occur on the skin, on organs, and in mucous membranes, including the lining of the mouth. Purpura occurs when small blood vessels under the skin leak.
When purpura spots are very small, they are called petechiae . Large purpura are called ecchymoses.

Front 5

Nevi

Back 5

Birthmarks or moles, by definition they are benign

Front 6

Cherry angioma

Back 6

cherry red papules on the skin containing an abnormal proliferation of blood vessels. They are the most common kind of angioma. They increase with age

Front 7

Seborrheic keratosis

Back 7

a non-cancerous benign skin growth that originate in keratinocytes and like liver spots, are seen more often as people age. They appear in various colors, from light tan to black, are round or oval-shaped, feel flat or slightly-elevated. "Pasted on appearance"

Front 8

Actinic keratosis

Back 8

a premalignant condition of thick, scaly, or crusty patches of skin. It is more common in fair-skinned people, especially those who are frequently exposed to the sun, as it is usually accompanied by solar damage. Since some of these pre-cancers progress to squamous cell carcinoma, they should be treated.
When skin is exposed to the sun constantly, thick, scaly, or crusty bumps appear. The scaly or crusty part of the bump is dry and rough. The growths start out as flat scaly areas, and later grow into a tough, wart-like area.

Front 9

ABCDE's of evaluation

Back 9

Asymmetry, Borders, Color, Diameter, Elevation

Front 10

Macule

Back 10

he simplest dermatological lesion. It is flat and can only be seen and not felt (<1cm). The macule is noted by a change in color of the skin. It may be brown, blue, red or exhibit a lesser pigment or an absence of pigment. The color of the lesion is one way in which a diagnosis may be focused.
Macules may develop as a result of cystic or otherwise severe acne. They occur after a pimple or cyst has healed, and may remain for up to six months. They are sometimes known in such cases as "pseudo-scars", but unlike true scars they are not permanent. (>1cm is a patch)

Front 11

Papule

Back 11

small(<1cm) and solid elevation of the skin. (>1cm is a plaque)

Front 12

Vesicle

Back 12

a small (<1cm)pocket of fluid within the upper layers of the skin. Blisters can be filled with blood (known as blood blisters) or with pus (if they become infected). However, most blisters are filled with a clear fluid called serum. Serum is the part of the blood that remains after red blood cells and clotting agents have been removed. (>1cm is a nodule)

Front 13

Bulla

Back 13

blister

Front 14

Onychomycosis

Back 14

Onychomycosis means fungal infection of the nail. It is the most common disease of the nails and constitutes about a half of all nail abnormalities

Front 15

psoriasis

Back 15

a disorder which affects the skin and joints. It commonly causes red scaly patches to appear on the skin. The scaly patches caused by psoriasis, called psoriatic plaques, are areas of inflammation and excessive skin production. Skin rapidly accumulates at these sites and takes on a silvery-white appearance. Plaques frequently occur on the skin of the elbows and knees, but can affect any area including the scalp and genitals. In contrast to eczema, psoriasis is more likely to be found on the extensor aspect of the joint.

Front 16

clubbing

Back 16

is associated with a number of diseases, mostly of the heart and lungs

Front 17

Paronychia

Back 17

an often tender bacterial or fungal hand infection where the nail and skin meet at the side or the base of a finger or toenail. It can start suddenly (acute paronychia) or gradually (chronic paronychia).

Front 18

What is a normal core temperature?

Back 18

35.8C - 37.3C or 96.4F - 99.1F

Front 19

Basal cell carcinoma

Back 19

Arising in the lowest, or basal level of the epidermis, 80% of skin cancers, Shiny and translucent, grow slowly and rarely metastasize

Front 20

Squamous cell carcinoma

Back 20

upper layer of the epidermis, 16% of skin cancers, often crusted and scaly with a red inflamed or ulcerated appearance. Can Metastasize.

Front 21

Melanoma

Back 21

4% of skin cancers, can spread rapidly, arising from the pigment-producing melanocytes in the epidermis.

Front 22

Pallor

Back 22

a reduced amount of oxyhemoglobin in skin or mucous membrane, a pale color which can be caused by illness, emotional shock or stress, avoiding excessive exposure to sunlight, anaemia or genetics. It is more evident on the face and palms

Front 23

What is a lentigo and what is its cause?

Back 23

mid-dark pigmented sun-spot. Also known as liver spot or large freckles. Usually benign but indicated too much sun exposure caused by UV radiation. Seen in elderly(senile lentigo) and in spots most exposed to sun.