Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
228 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
medial rectus: action
|
adduction
|
|
medial rectus: cranial nerve
|
III
|
|
medial rectus: will not turn eye where if palsy
|
nasal
|
|
lateral rectus: action
|
abduction
|
|
lateral rectus: cranial nerve
|
VI
|
|
lateral rectus: will not turn eye where if palsy
|
temporal
|
|
inferior rectus: action
|
depression; extorsion; adduction
|
|
inferior rectus: cranial nerve
|
III
|
|
inferior rectus: will not turn eye where if palsy
|
down and temporal
|
|
superior rectus: action
|
elevation; intorsion; adduction
|
|
superior rectus: cranial nerve
|
III
|
|
superior rectus: will not turn eye where if palsy
|
up and temporal
|
|
superior oblique: action
|
intorsion; depression; abduction
|
|
superior oblique: cranial nerve
|
IV
|
|
superior oblique: will not turn eye where if palsy
|
down and nasal
|
|
inferior oblique: action
|
extorsion; elevation; abduction
|
|
inferior oblique: cranial nerve
|
III
|
|
inferior oblique: will not turn eye where if palsy
|
up and nasal
|
|
history: acute conjunctivitis
|
sudden onset; exposure to conjunctivitis
|
|
history: acute iritis
|
fairly sudden onset, often recurrent
|
|
history: narrow angle glaucoma
|
rapid onset; sometimes history of previous atttack; highest incidence in jews; swedes; and inuit
|
|
history: corneal abrasion
|
trauma; pain
|
|
vision: acute conjunctivitis
|
normal
|
|
vision: acute iritis
|
impaired if untreated
|
|
vision: narrow angle glaucoma
|
rapidly lost if untreated
|
|
vision: corneal abrasion
|
can be affected if central
|
|
vision: Spanish
|
la visión
|
|
vision: French
|
la vision
|
|
vision: Arabic
|
رُؤْيَة
|
|
vision: Chinese
|
视觉(shìjué)
|
|
pain: acute conjunctivitis
|
gritty feeling
|
|
pain: acute iritis
|
photophobia
|
|
pain: narrow angle glaucoma
|
severe
|
|
pain: corneal abrasion
|
exquisite
|
|
pain: Spanish
|
el dolor
|
|
pain: French
|
la douleur
|
|
pain: Arabic
|
تَوَجُّع
|
|
pain: Chinese
|
痛苦(tòngkǔ)
|
|
bilaterality: acute conjunctivitis
|
frequent
|
|
bilaterality: acute iritis
|
occasional
|
|
bilaterality: narrow angle glaucoma
|
occasional
|
|
bilaterality: corneal abrasion
|
usually unilateral
|
|
vomiting: acute conjunctivitis
|
absent
|
|
vomiting: acute iritis
|
absent
|
|
vomiting: narrow angle glaucoma
|
common
|
|
vomiting: corneal abrasion
|
absent
|
|
cornea: acute conjunctivitis
|
clear
|
|
cornea: acute iritis
|
variable
|
|
cornea: narrow angle glaucoma
|
steamy/cloudy
|
|
cornea: corneal abrasion
|
irregular light reflex
|
|
pupil: acute conjunctivitis
|
normal, reactive
|
|
pupil: acute iritis
|
sluggishly reactive; somteimes irregular in shape
|
|
pupil: narrow angle glaucoma
|
partially dilated; oval; nonreactive
|
|
pupil: corneal abrasion
|
normal; ractive
|
|
pupil: Spanish
|
la pupila
|
|
pupil: French
|
la pupille
|
|
pupil: Arabic
|
حَبَّة
|
|
pupil: Chinese
|
瞳孔(tóngkŏng)
|
|
iris: acute conjunctivitis
|
normal
|
|
iris: acute iritis
|
normal
|
|
iris: narrow angle glaucoma
|
difficult to see; owing to corneal edema
|
|
iris: corneal abrasion
|
shadow of corneal defect may be projected on the iris with penlight
|
|
ocular discharge: acute conjunctivitis
|
mucopurulent or watery
|
|
ocular discharge: acute iritis
|
watery
|
|
ocular discharge: narrow angle glaucoma
|
watery
|
|
ocular discharge: corneal abrasion
|
watery or mucopurulent
|
|
systemic effect: acute conjunctivitis
|
none
|
|
systemic effect: acute iritis
|
few
|
|
systemic effect: narrow angle glaucoma
|
many
|
|
systemic effect: corneal abrasion
|
none
|
|
prognosis: acute conjunctivitis
|
self limited
|
|
prognosis: acute iritis
|
poor if untreated
|
|
prognosis: narrow angle glaucoma
|
poor if untreated
|
|
prognosis: corneal abrasion
|
good if not infected
|
|
loss of vision: possible causes
|
optic neuritis; detached retina; retinal hemorrhage; central retinal vascular occlusion; cns disease
|
|
spots: possible causes
|
no path significance; maybe retinal detachment or fertility drugs
|
|
flashes: possible causes
|
migraine; retinal detachment; posterior vitreous detachment
|
|
loss of visula field or presence of shadows or curtains: possible causes
|
retinal detachment or hemorrhage
|
|
glare, photophobia: possible causes
|
iritis; meningitis
|
|
distortion of vision: possible causes
|
retinal detachment; macular edema
|
|
difficulty seeing in dim light: possible causes
|
myopia; vitamin a deficiency; retinal degeneration
|
|
colored halos around lights: possible causes
|
acute narrow angle glaucoma; opacities in lens or cornea
|
|
colored vision vhanges: possible causes
|
cataracts; drugs (digitalis increases yellow vision)
|
|
double vision: possible causes
|
extraocular muscle paresis or paralysis
|
|
double vision: Spanish
|
la visión doble
|
|
double vision: French
|
la vision double
|
|
double vision: Arabic
|
رُؤْيَة مُزْدَوِجة
|
|
foreign body sensation in eye: possible causes
|
foreign body, corneal abrasion
|
|
burning in eye: possible causes
|
uncorrected refractive error; conjunctivitis; sjogren's syndrome
|
|
throbbing, aching in eye: possible causes
|
acute iritis; sinusitis
|
|
tenderness in eye: possible causes
|
eyelid inflammation; conjunctivitis; iritis
|
|
headache: possible causes
|
refractive errors; migraine; sinusitis
|
|
headache: Spanish
|
el dolor de cabeza
|
|
headache: French
|
le mal de tête
|
|
headache: Arabic
|
صُدَاع
|
|
headache: Chinese
|
头痛(tóutòng)
|
|
drawing sensation: possible causes
|
uncorrected refractive errors
|
|
itching: possible causes
|
dry eyes; eye fatigue; allergies
|
|
itching: Spanish
|
el picazón
|
|
itching: French
|
la démangeaison
|
|
itching: Arabic
|
أُكَال
|
|
itching: Chinese
|
发痒(fāyǎng)
|
|
tearing: possible causes
|
emotional states; hypersecretion of tears; blockage of drainage
|
|
drynes: possible causes
|
sjogren's syndrome; decreased secretion from aging
|
|
sandiness, grittiness: possible causes
|
conjunctivitis
|
|
fullness of eyes: possible causes
|
proptosis; agning changes in lids
|
|
twitching: possible causes
|
fibrillation of orbicularis oculi
|
|
eyelid heavingeess: possible causes
|
fatigue; eyelid edema
|
|
diszziness: possible causes
|
refractive error; cerebellar disease; vestibular disease
|
|
excessive blinking: possible causes
|
local irritation; facial tic
|
|
eyelids sticking together: possible causes
|
inflammatory diesease of eyelids or conjunctivae
|
|
adie's tonic pupil: laterality
|
often unilateral
|
|
adie's tonic pupil: reaction to light
|
minimally reactive
|
|
adie's tonic pupil: accommodation
|
sluggishly reactive
|
|
adie's tonic pupil: pupillary size
|
mydriatic
|
|
adie's tonic pupil: reflexes
|
absent or diminished tendon reflexes
|
|
argyll robertson pupil: laterality
|
bilateral
|
|
argyll robertson pupil: reaction to light
|
nonreactice
|
|
argyll robertson pupil: accommodation
|
reactive
|
|
argyll robertson pupil: pupillary size
|
miotic
|
|
argyll robertson pupil: reflexes
|
absent knee-jerk reflexes
|
|
horner's syndrome: laterality
|
unilateral
|
|
horner's syndrome: reaction to light
|
reactive
|
|
horner's syndrome: accommodation
|
reactive
|
|
horner's syndrome: pupillary size
|
miotic
|
|
ddx of whitish lesions of the fundus: x4
|
cotton wool spots; fatty exudates; drusen; chorioretinitis
|
|
cause: cotton wool spots
|
hypertension; diabetic retinopathy; AIDS; lupus; dermatomyositis; papilledema
|
|
cause: fatty exudates (of fundus)
|
diabetes; retinal venous occlusion; hypertensive retinopathy
|
|
cause: drusen
|
normal with aging; age related macular degeneration
|
|
cause: chorioretinitis
|
toxoplasmosis; sarcoidosis; cytomegalovirus
|
|
border: cotton wool spots
|
fuzzy
|
|
border: fatty exudates (of fundus)
|
well defined
|
|
border: drusen
|
well defined; nonpigmented
|
|
border: chorioretinitis
|
large with ragged edge; heavily pigmented
|
|
shape: cotton wool spots
|
irregular
|
|
shape: fatty exudates (of fundus)
|
small irregular
|
|
shape: drusen
|
round, well circumscribed
|
|
shape: chorioretinitis
|
very variable
|
|
paterns: cotton wool spots
|
variable
|
|
paterns: fatty exudates (of fundus)
|
often clustered in circles or stars
|
|
paterns: drusen
|
variable; symmetrical in both eyes
|
|
paterns: chorioretinitis
|
variable
|
|
histopathology: cotton wool spots
|
ischemic infarct of the nerve fiber layer of retina; obscures retinal blood vessels
|
|
histopathology: fatty exudates (of fundus)
|
in deep retinal layer
|
|
histopathology: drusen
|
deep to retinal blood vessels (as opposed to fatty exudate)
|
|
histopathology: chorioretinitis
|
acute with white exudate; healed lesion with pigmented scar (toxoplasmosis)
|
|
glaucoma: Spanish
|
el glaucoma
|
|
glaucoma: French
|
le glaucome
|
|
glaucoma: Chinese
|
青光眼(qīngguāngyǎn)
|
|
% of all glaucoma: primary open angle glaucoma
|
85% of all glaucoma
|
|
% of all glaucoma: narrow angle glaucoma
|
15% of glaucoma
|
|
cause: primary open angle glaucoma
|
uncleare
|
|
cause: narrow angle glaucoma
|
closed angle prevents aqueous drainage
|
|
age at onset: primary open angle glaucoma
|
variable
|
|
age at onset: narrow angle glaucoma
|
50-85 yrs
|
|
anterior chamber: primary open angle glaucoma
|
usually normal
|
|
anterior chamber: narrow angle glaucoma
|
shallow
|
|
chamber angle: primary open angle glaucoma
|
normal
|
|
chamber angle: narrow angle glaucoma
|
narrow
|
|
sx: primary open angle glaucoma
|
usually none, decreased vision late
|
|
sx: narrow angle glaucoma
|
headache; halos around lights; sudden onset of severe eye pain; vomiting during attack
|
|
cupping of disc: primary open angle glaucoma
|
progressive if not treated
|
|
cupping of disc: narrow angle glaucoma
|
after untreated attack
|
|
visual fields: primary open angle glaucoma
|
peripheral fields involved early; central involvement very late
|
|
visual fields: narrow angle glaucoma
|
involvement is a late sign
|
|
ocular pressure: primary open angle glaucoma
|
progressively higher if not medically controlled
|
|
ocular pressure: narrow angle glaucoma
|
early: detected with provocative tests only
|
|
pupil, conjunctiva; and corea: narrow angle glaucoma
|
fixed partially dilated pupil; conjunctival injection; steamy cornea
|
|
tx: primary open angle glaucoma
|
medical; laser surgery
|
|
tx: narrow angle glaucoma
|
surgical
|
|
prognoosis: primary open angle glaucoma
|
good if recognized early; dependent on patient compliance
|
|
prognoosis: narrow angle glaucoma
|
good
|
|
blurred disc margins ddx: full ddx
|
papilledema; papillitis; drusen; myelinated nerve fibers; central retinal vein occlusion
|
|
blurred disc margins ddx: with normal visual acuity
|
papilledema; drusen; myelinated nerve fibers
|
|
blurred disc margins ddx: with decreased visual acuity
|
papillitis; central retinal vein occlusion
|
|
blurred disc margins ddx: with absent venous pulsations
|
papilledema; central retinal vein occlusion; papillitis (variable)
|
|
blurred disc margins ddx: with present venous pulsations
|
drusen; myelinated nerve fibers; papillitis (variable)
|
|
blurred disc margins ddx: with headache
|
papilledema
|
|
blurred disc margins ddx: with eye movement pain
|
papillitis
|
|
blurred disc margins ddx: with no pain
|
drusen; myelinated nerve fibers; central retinal vein occlusion
|
|
blurred disc margins ddx: with normal light reaction
|
papilledema; drusen; myelinated nerve fibers; central retinal vein occlusion
|
|
blurred disc margins ddx: marcuss gunn light reaction
|
papillitis
|
|
blurred disc margins ddx: with hemorrhage
|
papilledema; papillitis; central retinal vein occlusion
|
|
blurred disc margins ddx: with no hemorrhage
|
drusen; myelinated nerve fibers
|
|
blurred disc margins ddx: with enlarged blind spot
|
papilledema; drusen
|
|
blurred disc margins ddx: with central scotoma
|
papillitis
|
|
blurred disc margins ddx: with scotoma corresponding to areas of lesion
|
myelinated nerve fibers
|
|
blurred disc margins ddx: variable visual field sx
|
central retinal vein occlusion
|
|
blurred disc margins ddx: bilateral
|
papilledema; drusen;
|
|
blurred disc margins ddx: unilateral
|
papillitis; myelinated nerve fibers (usually); central retinal vein occlusion
|
|
diabetes: primary retinal findings
|
microaneurysms; neovascularization; retinitis proliferans
|
|
diabetes: distribution of retinal findings
|
posterior pole
|
|
diabetes: secondary retinal findings
|
hard exudates; deep hemorrhages; retinal venous occlusions; vitreous hemorrhages
|
|
diabetes: Spanish
|
la diabetes
|
|
diabetes: French
|
le diabète
|
|
diabetes: Chinese
|
糖尿病(tángniàobìng)
|
|
hypertension: primary retinal findings
|
arteriolar narrowing; copper wiring; flame hemorrhages; arteriovenous nicking
|
|
hypertension: distribution of retinal findings
|
throughout retina
|
|
hypertension: secondary retinal findings
|
hard and soft exudates; retinal venous occlusions; macular stars
|
|
hypertension: Spanish
|
la hipertensión
|
|
hypertension: French
|
l'hypertension
|
|
hypertension: Arabic
|
فَرْطُ ضَغْطِ الدَّم
|
|
hypertension: Chinese
|
高血压(gāoxuèyā)
|
|
papilledema: primary retinal findings
|
hyperemia of the disc; venous engorgement; retinal hemorrhages; disc elevation; loss of spntaneous venous pulsations; cotton wool spots
|
|
papilledema: distribution of retinal findings
|
on or near disc
|
|
papilledema: secondary retinal findings
|
hard exudates; optic atrophy (late)
|
|
retinal venous occlusion: primary retinal findings
|
hemorrhages; neovascularization
|
|
retinal venous occlusion: distribution of retinal findings
|
confined to area drained by affected vein
|
|
retinal venous occlusion: secondary retinal findings
|
exudates
|
|
retinal artery occlusion: primary retinal findings
|
pallor of retina; decreased width of artery; embolus possibly visible
|
|
retinal artery occlusion: distribution of retinal findings
|
confined to area supplied
|
|
retinal artery occlusion: secondary retinal findings
|
optic atrophy, late
|
|
anrteriolar sclerosis: primary retinal findings
|
widening of light reflex; copper wiring; arteriovenous nicking
|
|
anrteriolar sclerosis: distribution of retinal findings
|
throughout retina
|
|
anrteriolar sclerosis: secondary retinal findings
|
decrease in retinal pigment
|
|
blood dyscrasias: primary retinal findings
|
diffuse hemorrhages; venous dilation; roth's spots (hemorrhagic lesions with white centers)
|
|
sickle cell disease: primary retinal findings
|
sharp cutoff of arterioles; arteriovenous anastomoses; neovascularization in "sea fan: formations
|
|
sickle cell disease: distribution of retinal findings
|
peripheral retina
|
|
sickle cell disease: secondary retinal findings
|
vitreous hemorrhages; retinal detachments
|
|
macular lesion: whitish exudate that radiates around macula
|
macular degeneration
|
|
macular lesion: broken ring shaped whitish exudate around macula
|
macular star
|
|
macular lesion: etiologies
|
circinate retinopathy
|
|
macular star: etiologies
|
hypertension; papilledema; papillitis; central retinal vein occlusion
|
|
circinate retinopathy: etiologies
|
diabetes; central retinal vein occlusion
|
|
right superior oblique palsy: head tilt
|
down to the left
|
|
left superior oblique palsy: head tilt
|
down to the right
|
|
right inferior oblique palsy: head tilt
|
up to the left
|
|
left inferior oblique palsy: head tilt
|
up to the right
|