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57 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Pinna
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Top of ear
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Tragus
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The pointless thing that is like on the head and sticks out
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Auditory Meatus
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opening of the ear
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Cerumen
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Secreted through the ducts that are in the external auditory meatus; essentially this is ear wax
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Middle ear
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separated from the external ear with a tympanic membrane and should be a clear color (if trauma than it will appear blue in color)
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Inner ear
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Circular canals, cochlea that contain receptors for hearing
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septum
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should be mid-line, no bleeding or blockage in each nasal pathway; assessment of the frontal and maxillary sinuses
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Mouth
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soft palate is in the back of the mouth and hard palate if towards the opening of the mouth.
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Canal of the ear in infants and children
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more horizontal which makes them more prone to infections EVERY MOMENT IS A TEACHABLE MOMENT
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Pregnant females
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Gums may bleed because of increase vascularity
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Presbycusis
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hearing loss of high frequency tones in older adults
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OTC sprays
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mothers may buy many different ones but it is all the same medication just different self name leading to overdosing
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Recreational drug that most effects the nose and sinuses
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Cocaine
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ears
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should be pain free
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Adult ear assessment
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Pull the pinna up and back using the otoscope
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Child ear assessment
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Pull the pinna down up and back to straighten the canal
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Weber test
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hearing test that uses bone conduction to evaluate hearing in a person who hears better in one ear. place the vibrating fork on top of the head
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Rinne test
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the rinne test compares air and bone conduction. Air conduction is in front of the canal and bone conduction is at the mastoid process .
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Romberg test
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assess the equilibrium, have patient stand with eyes closed don't move; mild swaying may be present but is normal
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Symptoms of sinitus
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Headache, malaise, sever pain (bridge of nose and forehead beneath eyes when palpated)
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Transillumination
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Assesment of the sinuses when the penlight is directed at the sinuses and there is no fluid in the sinuses then it will glow so fluid-> glow
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Chewing tobacco
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More prone to cancer and the first sign is ulceration of the tongue and lips
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Retina
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Sensory portion of the eye, receives visual stimuli and sends it to the brain
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Optic disk
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Optic nerve and retina meet; look through the otoscope on the nasal aspect of the retina and should be clear
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Sclera
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white outermost layer of the eye, maintains eye shape
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cornea
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clear and transparent portion of the sclera "window of the eye" contains nerve ending, blink reflexes
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Iris
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Colored portion of the eye
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Aqueous Humor
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Clear fluid that helps maintain ocular pressure
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Crystalline Humor
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Allows light rays in the eye
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Myopia
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Favor close up vision, difficulty seeing far
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Hyperopia
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Favor distance cant see close
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Emmetropia
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Normal vision
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clear pathway
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When conducting the red light reflex and it is positive (meaning there is a red light in the eye)
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Accessory eye structures
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Intended to protect the eye;
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Meibomium and conjunctive
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Help with lubrication
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Lacrimal apparatus
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Tear production
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What do you do for a damaged eye
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use sterile saline drops to keep the eye moisturized
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what do eye muscles do?
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hold the eye in place
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Iris in the infant
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will look black or brown when born color of the iris will set at about three months of age
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Hirschberg test
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Muscle function of the eye the light should be even
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Eyes in the pregnant women
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dry eyes are short lived; visual changes are temporary because of the shape change of the eye and is not permanent but if continues should seek medical attention
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Presbyopia
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In the elderly decrease in near vision because of muscle weakness this is normal with aging
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Lacrima
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Drying of ducts in the elderly usually complains of burning
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Cataracts
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lens continues to get thicker, vision is reduced and not so clear. Makes older adults more susceptible to falls.
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Snellen chart
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Vision test from a distance
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Rosenbaum Chart
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Vision test used near
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The cover test
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The eye will be un the same direction as when you covered it. if there is any movement than the balance of the eye is off (watch for movement; little shaking)
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Lights affect on the pupil
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Constricts the pupil
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Corneal reflex
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Cotton swab to eye causes eye to blink and water; normal response
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Strabismun
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Crosses eyes; can be because of muscle/nerve damage. the axis of the eyes can not focus on the same object
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Amnylopia
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Permanent loss of visual acuity because of strabismus. can try to fix crossed eye children with a patch which strengthens the eye muscle but is not always effective because they are kids and who like to wear eye patches at school????
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Xanthelasma
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Raised yellow non painful plaque on the upper/ lower eye; usually on the inner canthus and is associated with hypercholesterolemia
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Top L Acute glaucoma
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Requires immediate intervention, sudden pain can could cause permanent damage; blindness
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Top Right Brlophitis
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Staph infection of the eye lids, red scaly crust on eyes
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Top left Enotropin
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Inversion of the eye lid;
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Diabetic rtinopathy
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Leading cause of blindness; changes in vasculator; abnormal dilation of blood vessels
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Macular degeneration
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Loose central vision and keep peripheral vision; Safety Educate family because pt will look at things very closely (hot fires,bbq, etc) Nothing to reverse it or hold the progression, yes there are meds; age related
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