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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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aspects of the aging skin |
our skin is the largest organ in our body.
Epidermis- thins, making blood vessels and bruises more visible
dermis- losing 20% thickness with aging collagen decreases
hypodermis-fat decreases |
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physical aspects of the aging skin |
age or liver spots are visible from sun exposure fat decreased- causing wrinkles, & sagging skin skin produces less oil and moisture sweat production reduces causing altered body temperature |
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changes in the skin can cause numerous problems for the elderly........ |
increase for burns bruising breakdown decrease in wound healing average temp is 35.5 - 36.1- so many wear sweaters and keep homes warm |
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how to promote healthy skin while aging |
avoid excess exposure to uv light avoid using drying soaps (use low ph soaps) apply moisturizer to damp skin after bathing always use sunscreen keep hydrated use humidifier in winter |
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hair with older adult |
more hair in ears more hair in nose older woman may develop chin hair & facial hair age spots and wrinkles baldness impacts men |
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nails |
harder & thicker change shape and flat or concave nail growth rate decreases need to ensure proper foot care |
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Sarcopenia |
"poverty of the flesh" loss of skeletal muscle mass & strength
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structure, posture & body composition with the older adult |
vertebral discs become thin, causing shortening of the trunk kyphosis body shape and weight change becoming lean reduced bone density |
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bones |
brittle & break easily osteoporosis is a decrease in bone density
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biggest complaint of seniors |
no stamina or strength to play 9 holes of golf etc...... |
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cardio vascular system in the aging adult |
like a garden hose in the winter=build up gets stiff and hard max artery blood flow, stroke volume, and cardiac output are decreased more prone to arrhythmias and orthostatic hypotension |
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blood vessels |
Most significant change is decreased elasticity & recoil
Blood supply to various organs decreases
Peripheral resistance increases
decreased perfusion of liver and kidneys
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respiratory |
biggest problem=cigarette & toxins loss of elastic recoil stiffening of chest walls inefficiency in gas exchange increased resistance to air flow decreased cough & gag reflex |
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renal system |
blood flow thru kidneys decrease loss of as many as 50% of nephrons decrease in size & function in the kidney cortex urine creatinine declines |
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Endocrine system (Pancreas and Thyroid Gland) |
Pancreas: tissues of the body often develop decrease sensitivity to insulin
Thyroid gland: some atrophy, fibrosis, inflammation occurs diminished secretion of the thyroid hormone, thyroxine, |
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mouth |
teeth loose enamel tooth root become more brittle teeth break more easily gums more susceptible to periodontal disease salivary secretion decreases less efficient chewing dry mouth lose taste buds lose taste sensation
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esophagus |
contractions increase in frequency, less effective aspiration & pneumonia increases gerd hernias
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stomach |
decreased gastric motility and volume Reduction in secretion of bicarbonate and gastric mucus Decreased production of intrinsic factor More susceptible to peptic ulcer Fats not tolerated well Increase in stomach acids |
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accessory organs |
liver decreases in volume and weight impaired medication metabolism in the liver gallstones increase gas goes up |
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changes in the brain with aging
Central Nervous System
Peripheral Nervous System |
Central Nervous System: dendrites wear out # of neurons decrease decrease brain weight after age 20, 10,000 brain cells are lost daily
Peripheral Nervous System: Tactile sensitivity decreases in connection with loss of nerve endings in skin
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eye and vision changes |
eyelids loose elasticity cornea becomes flatter, less smooth, thicker, & duller in appearance color clarity diminishes retina has less distinct margins
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ear & hearing |
auricle looses flexibility becomes larger and wider lobes sag, elongate, & wrinkle wax build up***** stiffer more course hair in ear canal stapes develop calcification decrease in vestibular sensitivity conduction & sensory neural hearing loss |
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promoting healthy digestion |
good oral hygiene wear proper fitting dentures eat meals in relaxed atmosphere provide time for reflux respond to urge to defecate avoid immobility avoid tobacco products
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chronic illness |
a condition lasts 3 months to a year or more & requires ongoing medical attention, limits activities of daily living |
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top chronic illnesses in Canada |
hypertension arthritis glaucoma |
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acute illness & name some examples |
occurs sudden without warning stroke MI hip fracture infection
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prevention of chronic illnesses |
healthy lifestyle early detection manage risk factors *improved diet *exercise *medical treatment *not smoking
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key strategies for improving the health of older people |
1. healthy life style 2. injury prevention (hip protector) 3. delivery of culturally appropriate 4. immunization 5. self managed techniques for those with chronic illness |
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5 C's |
competence (ability & nursing skills) compassion (sensitivity to pain for patient) conscience (moral awareness) commitment (stay with person on the journey) confidence (trust nurse)
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maximize wellness of chronic illness |
holistic care- managed care case management disease management care co-ordination collaborate
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