Physical Anthropology Lab Practical 4

Front 1

Types of Haplorhines

Back 1

Tarsiforms
Platyrhines
Catarhines

Front 2

Haplorhines Traits

Back 2

*More derived traits
Emphasis on vision
Decreased snout
Post orbital closure
Fused mandibular symphsis
Larger cranial capacity

Front 3

Superfamily Ceboidea (New World Monkeys)

Back 3

Found in South and Central America

Front 4

Catarrhini (superfamilies & characteristics)

Back 4

Superfamilies: Cecopithecoidea and Hominoidea

Basic Catarrhine characteristics:
Larger body size
Pronounced sexual dimorphism
Two premolars (2-1-2-3) dental formula
Auditor meatus enclosed in tube
Ischial collasisites (for sitting)
Estrus (signs of fertility)

Front 5

Cercopithecidae (w/characteristics)

Back 5

Old world monkeys
Found in African, Asia, Indonesia

- Scapulae placed dorsally
- Narrow/Deep rib cage
- Tail
- Equilength limbs
- Long Olecranon
- Bilophodont molars

Front 6

Hominoidea

Back 6

o Hylobatidae- Gibbons (smallest of apes)
o Pongidae- Gorillas, Chimps, Orangutans (walk on knuckles)
o Homininidae- Humans and Human ancestors

Front 7

Dental formula: Catarrhini

Back 7

2:1:2:3

Front 8

Dental formula: Platyrrhini

Back 8

2:1:3:3

Front 9

Dental formula: Earliest primates

Back 9

2:1:4:3

Front 10

Parapithecidae

Back 10

Primitive Anthropoids, potentially in ancestry of Platyrrhines and Catarrhines.

• Dental formula 2:1:3:3
• Contact between zygomatic and parietal bone
• No Bony ear tube
• Leaping adaptations
• Frugivorious

Front 11

Propliopithecidae

Back 11

Primitive Catarrhines and potentially in ancestry of Cercopithecoids and Hominoids.

• Dental formula= 2:1:2:3
• Bony ear tube
• No zygomatic-parietal contact

• Aegyptopithecus
• Large canines
• Sexual dimorphism

Front 12

General characteristics of Adapidae

Back 12

• Lg Bodied (usually >500g)
• Mostly diurnal
• Small orbits relative to skulls (few exceptions)
• Long snouts
• Dental formula= 2:1:4:3 to 2:1:3:3; Small Incisors w/lg canines
• Ancestral to modern strepsirhines
- Mandibular symphysis occasionally fused
- Grasping feet and opposable hallux
*Recognized as being in the ancestry of more recent and modern Strepsirrhines

Front 13

General Characteristics of Omomyidae

Back 13

• Small bodies (<500g)
• Both nocturnal and diurnal
• Frugivores and insectivores
• Dental formula= 2:1:4:3 to 2:1:2:3 (1:1:3:3); often have lg incisors and small canines
- Short snout
- large orbits relative to skull (few exceptions)
- unfused mandibular symphysis
- grasping feet and opposable hallux
*Recognized as being in or near the more recently occuring Haplorrhines

Front 14

Dental characteristics of a Hominin

Back 14

o Reduced canine
o No CP3 honing complex
o Relatively parabolic dental arcade (vs. u-shaped)
o Thicker enamel and larger molars

Front 15

Characteristics of Platyrrhines

Back 15

Sideways facing nostrils
Ringlike ear hole w/no tube
Dental formula of 2.1.3.3
Grasping tail

Front 16

Characteristics of Catarrhines

Back 16

Downard facing nostrils
Tubelike ear hole
Dental formula of 2.1.2.3
Ischial callosities

Front 17

3 Categories for Extinct Taxon

Back 17

1) Time
2) Geography
3) Taxonomy

Front 18

Primary Adaptations of Nocturnal Primates (2)

Back 18

Reflective Tapetum (enhances night vision)
Enlarged Eyes (in relation to cranial size)

Front 19

2 Families of early Eocene

Back 19

1) Adapidae (more primitive)
2) Omomyidae

Front 20

4 Subfamilies of Adapidae

Back 20

1) Notharctinae
2) Adapinae
3) Cercamoniinae
4) Sivaladapinae

Front 21

3 Subfamilies of Omomyinae

Back 21

1) Anaptomorphinae
2) Omomyinae
3) Microchoerinae

Front 22

Eocene Primates Families (2)

Back 22

1) Adapidae
2) Omomyidae

Front 23

Oligocene Primate Families (2)

Back 23

1) Parapithecidae
2) Propliopithecidae

Front 24

4 Families of Miocene Primates

Back 24

1) Victoriapithecidae (earliest old world monkeys)
2) Proconsulidae (hominid)
3) Oreopithecidae
4) Hominidae

Front 25

Hominoid Characteristics

Back 25

- Scapulae placed dorsally
- Broad/Shallow rib cage
- Long forelimbs w/long curved phalanges
- Reduced olecranon process
- 5Y Lower molar pattern

Front 26

Ploipithecines are a radiation...

Back 26

of Miocene primates that possibly branched off before or shortly after the cercopithecoids.