Physical Anthropology Ch/wk3 (1/27)

Front 1

Genetic variation within a geographic area vs. genetic variation between geographic areas

Back 1

Genetic variation is greater within a geographic area than between geographic areas. Aggregate difs between two groups = smaller than differences among subgroups within each.

Front 2

Four mechanisms of evolution

Back 2

1. mutation
2. natural selection
3. gene flow (migration)
4. stochastic forces (random genetic drift)

Front 3

How does each mechanism of evolution affect variation?

Back 3

1. mutation: increases variation.
2. natural selection: reduces variation.
3. gene flow (migration): can reduce or increase variation. e.g. migration decreases variation in "home" population and increases it in new population.
4. stochastic forces (genetic drift): reduces variation. (e.g. natural disasters wipe out people; population diverges and in-breeds [Amish]).

Front 4

deme

Back 4

a breeding population. the sum total of all members of a population that *in reality* are able to interbreed with each other.

Front 5

gene pool

Back 5

the sum total of all the genes (and their alleles) that are carried by members of a deme

Front 6

allele

Back 6

One of two or more forms of the DNA sequence of a particular gene. can be either dominant or recessive.