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57 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Modalities to treat SPASTICITY?
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Cryotherapy
E-Stim |
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Modalities to resolve EDEMA?
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Cryotherapy
E-Stim Hydrotherapy Compression Non-thermal diathermy |
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Modalities to treat INFLAMMATION?
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Cryotherapy
Laser/Light Hydrotherapy Traction (subacute joint inflammation only) E-Stim |
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Modalities to treat PAIN?
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Cryotherapy
Thermotherapy Thermal U/S Laser/Light Hydrotherapy Diathermy (thermal & nonthermal) E-Stim |
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Modalities to treat JOINT STIFFNESS?
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Thermotherapy
Laser/Light Thermal diathermy |
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Modalities to treat MUSCLE SPASM?
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Thermal ultrasound
E-Stim Traction (for paraspinal spasms) |
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Modalities to treat ULCERS?
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Nonthermal U/S
Laser & Light |
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Modalities to treat SURGICAL SKIN INCISIONS?
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Nonthermal U/S
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Modalities to treat BONE FRACTURES?
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Nonthermal U/S
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Modalities for SOFT TISSUE & BONE HEALING?
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Laser/Light
Thermal diathermy UV Radiation (UVC) |
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Modalities to treat ARTHRITIS?
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Laser/Light
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Modalities to treat LYMPHEDEMA?
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Laser/Light
Compression |
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Modalities to treat NERVE ROOT IMPINGEMENT?
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Traction
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What are the (4) main clinical applications of E-STIM?
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Muscle contraction
Pain modulation Tissue Healing Transdermal drug delivery |
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What are the (4) contraindications of E-STIM?
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Cardiac pacemaker or arrhythmias
Electrodes over carotid sinus Areas with venous or arterial thrombosis or thrombophlebitis Pregnancy |
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What are the (5) precautions of E-STIM?
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Cardiac disease
Impaired mentation/sensation Malignancy Skin irritation/open wounds Using Iontophoresis after other physical agents |
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What are the (3) possible adverse effects to using E-STIM?
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Electrical burns
Skin reactions to the electrodes Pain |
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What are the (4) main physical properties of water which are important in hydrotherapy?
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Specific heat & thermal conductivity
Buoyancy Drag (resistance) Hydrostatic pressure |
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What are the cleansing effects of hydrotherapy?
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pressure
dissolved surfactants/antimicrobials |
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What are the musculoskeletal effects of hydrotherapy?
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decreased WB
Strengthening Slowed bone density loss Less fat loss than other exercise |
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What are the cardiovascular effects of hydrotherapy?
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Increased venous circulation
Increased cardiac output decreased HR, systolic BP, VO2 response |
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What are the respiratory effects of hydrotherapy?
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Decreased vital capacity
Increased work of breathing Decreased exercise-induced asthma |
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What are the renal effects of hydrotherapy?
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Diuresis
Increased Na & K excretion |
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What are the psychological effects of hydrotherapy?
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Relaxing
or Invigorating (Temperature-dependent) |
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What are the (5) main uses of HYDROTHERAPY?
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Superficial heating/cooling
Wound care Water exercise Pain control Edema control |
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What are the (2) contraindications for HYDROTHERAPY?
(for LOCAL immersion) |
Maceration around a wound
Bleeding |
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What are the (5) contraindications for HYDROTHERAPY?
(for FULL BODY immersion) |
Cardiac instability
Infectious conditions Bowel incontinence Severe epilepsy Suicidal |
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What are the (3) contraindications for HYDROTHERAPY?
(for FULL BODY immersion in HOT water) |
Pregnancy
MS Poor thermal regulation |
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What are the (4) precautions for HYDROTHERAPY?
(for LOCAL immersion) |
Impaired thermal sensation
Infection Confusion or impaired cognition Recent skin grafts |
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What are the (7) precautions for HYDROTHERAPY?
(for FULL BODY immersion) |
Confusion or disorientation
After ingestion of alcohol Limited strength/endurance/balance/ROM Medications Urinary incontinence Fear of water Respiratory problems |
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What are (7) adverse effects of HYDROTHERAPY?
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Drowning
Fainting Bleeding Hyponatremia Infection Aggravation of edema |
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What are the (5) possible application techniques for HYDROTHERAPY?
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Whirlpool
Hubbard Tank Contrast bath Nonimmersion irrigation devices Pool |
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What are the (6) effects of TRACTION?
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Joint distraction
Reduction of disc protrusion Soft tissue stretching Muscle relaxation Joint mobilization Patient immobilization |
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What are the (5) indications for the use of TRACTION?
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Disc bulge or herniation
Nerve root impingement Joint hypomobility Subacute joint inflammation Paraspinal muscle spasm |
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What are the (5) contraindications for TRACTION?
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Where motion is contraindicated
With acute injury Joint hypermobility or instability Peripheralization of symptoms occurs with traction Uncontrolled hypertension |
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What are the (10) precautions for the use of TRACTION?
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Structural diseases affecting the spine
Pressure of the belts Displacement of annular fragment Medial disc protrusion Severe pain fully relieved by traction Claustrophobia Patients intolerant of prone or supine positions Disorientation TMJ problems Dentures |
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What are the (4) application techniques for TRACTION?
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Mechanical traction
Self-traction Positional lumbar traction Manual traction |
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What are the (3) effects of COMPRESSION?
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Improved venous and lymphatic circulation
Limits shape and size of tissue Increased tissue temperature |
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What are the (5) indications for the use of COMPRESSION?
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Edema
DVT Venous statis ulcers Residual liimb shaping after amputation Control of hypertrophic scarring |
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What are the (7) contraindications for the use of COMPRESSION?
(sequential compression pumps) |
Heart failure/pulmonary edema
Recent or acute DVT or pulmonary embolism Obstructed lymphatic or venous return Severe peripheral arterial disease Acute local skin infection Significant hypoproteinemia Acute fracture or other trauma |
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What are the (5) precautions for the use of COMPRESSION?
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Impaired sensation or mentation
Uncontrolled hypertension Cancer Stroke or vascular insufficiency Superficial peripheral nerves |
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What are the (3) application techniques for COMPRESSION?
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Compression bandage
Compression garment Intermittent pneumatic compression pump |
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What are the effects of UV RADIATION?
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Erythema production
Vitamin D synthesis |
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What are the effects of COLD LASERS?
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Vasodilation
Altered nerve conduction Increased ATP production Stimulation of macrophages Stimulation of fibroblasts |
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What are indications for the use of UV RADIATION?
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Psoriasis
Wound healing |
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What are the indications for the use of COLD LASERS?
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Wound and fracture healing
Musculoskeletal disorders Pain management |
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What are indications for the use of NONTHERMAL DIATHERMY?
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Control of pain and edema
Wound healing Nerve healing Bone healing |
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What are the (6) contraindications for UV RADIATION?
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Irradiation of the eyes
Skin cancer Pulmonary TB Cardiac, kidney, or liver disease Systemic lupus erythematosus Fever |
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What are the (4) contraindications for LASERS?
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Direct irradiation of the eyes
Within 4 to 6 months after radiotherapy Hemorrhaging regions Locally to the endocrine glands |
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What is the contraindication to ALL DIATHERMY?
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Implanted or transcutaneous neural stimulators
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What are the (6) contraindications for the use of THERMAL DIATHERMY?
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Metal implants or pacemakers
Malignancy Pregnancy Eyes Testes Growing epiphyses |
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What are the (3) contraindications for the use of NONTHERMAL DIATHERMY?
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Deep tissue
Substitute conventional therapy for edema and pain Pacemakers, electronic devices, metal implants |
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What are the (4) precautions for the use of UV RADIATION?
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Photosensitivity
Photosensitizing medication use Recent X-Ray therapy Wait for previous dose's effects to disappear |
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What are the (11) precautions for the use of LASERS?
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Epilepsy
Fever Malignancy Low back or abdomen during pregnancy or menstruation Embryo Gonads Epiphyseal lines in children Confused or disoriented patient Decreased sensation Infected tissue Sympathetic ganglia, vagus nerves |
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What are the (3) precautions for ALL types of DIATHERMY?
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Electronic or magnetic equipment in the vicinity
Obesity Copper IUD |
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What are the (2) precautions for NONTHERMAL DIATHERMY?
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Pregnancy
Skeletal immaturity |
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What are the (5) adverse effects of ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION?
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Burning
Premature aging of skin Carcinogenesis Eye damage Adverse effects of PUVA |
