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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Olfactory
Optic Occulomotor Trochlear Trigeminal Abducens Facial Vestibulocochlear Glossopharyngeal Vagus Accessory Hypoglossal |
Some
Say Money Matters But My Brother Says Big Boobs Matter More |
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Parasympathetic
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III Occulomotor
VII Vagus IX Glossopharyngeal X Hypoglossal |
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OPTIC NERVE
Outer external fibrous layer Middle vascular layer Inner sensory layer |
OUTER
Schlera (shape and insertion site for extrinsic nerves) Cornea (avascular, nutrients from fluid, allows light in) MIDDLE Choroid (blood vessels) Ciliary Body (attaches to lens for focusing) Iris (color, smooth muscle for light enter) INNER Photoreceptors (Rods generate potential and signal transmitted to retinal ganglion cells-->out of retina) |
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Pupillary light reflex
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shine at eye = constricts
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Ciliary Ganglion
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Parasympathetic and postsympathetic ganglionic nerve innervates smooth muscles that constrict pupil
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Visual signals transmitted from retina to brain
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optic nerve synapse at lateral geniculate nucleus in talamus project axons to primary visual cortex along optic or visual radiations
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visual fields
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nasal optic nerves see peripheral and cross at optic chiasm.
temporal see central field and don't cross axons branch to LGN and supperior colliculus |
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VESTIBULOCOCHLEAR NERVE
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Outer and middle ear divided by tympanic membrane.
Middle and inner separated by oval window. Middle ear: malleus incus and stapes (pass vibrations) Autitory tube: links middle ear to pharynx |
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Inner ear receptor organs with clear fluid and hair cell receptors
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semicircular ducts in the semicircular canals: detect angular movement
cochlear duct in cochlea: detect noise, hair cells organized by tone that they detect |
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auditory signals to auditory cortex
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primary sensory neurons (sprial organ of corti hair cells) synapse in cochlear nuclei in medulla axons project to inferior colliculi axons project to medial geniculate nuclei axons project to primary auditory cortex for interpretation
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BASAL GANGLIA
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Caudate, putamen, globus palidus
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corpus straiatum
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caudate and putamen
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function:
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integrate motor and sensory information and initiate voluntary movement
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afferent axons that project to caudate-putamen
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corticostriate, thalamostriate, nigrostriate.
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substantia nigra
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functionally linked to basal ganglia and makes dopamine
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Parkinson's Disease
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Symptoms: At-rest tremor, problem initiating movement
Why: Loss of cell bodies in substantia nigra, no NT to striatus Treatement: inject L-DOPA, cross blood-brain barrier, DOPA decarboxylase converts it to dopamean |
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Basal ganglia modifying motor commands
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1. Neurons in premotor (secondary motor) cortex putamen (GABA) globus pallidus ventral lateral thalamus secondary motor cortex primary motor cortex (pyramidal cells) spinal cord
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Huntington's Disease
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Symptoms: sever motor disorders
Why: degeneration of GABAergic neurons (putamen and globus pallidus), so circuit is broken and sensory information cannot be translated into motor commands and set to spinal cord Treatment: none yet |
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BASAL FOREBRAIN NUCLEI
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synthesize and release acetylcholine
project axons to hippocampus(learning and memory) and throughout cerebral cortex |
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Alzheimer's Disease
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Symptoms: memory loss, short attention span, deteriorating language and cognitive and memory skills, personailty and judgement.
Why: Basal forebrain nuclei neurons degenerate |
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DIENCEPHALON
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THALAMUS AND HYPOTHALAMUS
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THALAMUS
A sensory relay nucleus |
all sensory information except for olfactory passes through before transmitted to the cortex
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12 major nuclei, important to know:
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-ventral lateral (motor)
-ventral posterior lateral (somatosensory) -medial geniculate(auditory) -lateral geniculate(visual) |
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Ascending Neural Processing Tracts
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"Listen Skanky Tramp
(Lateral Spinothalamic Tract) Dont Chew Penis (Dorsal Column Pathway) Suck Cock Though (Spino-Cerebellar Tract)" |
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LST: contralateral projection
Neurons: Primary Sensory Dorsal horn (CROSS) Thalamic |
-peripheral receptors
-pain and temperature impulses to opposite side of brain for somatosensory interpretation |
