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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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wave
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a traveling disturbance of coordinated vibrations that transmit energy with no net movement of matter.
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Mechanical waves
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require a medium
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Electromagnetic waves
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don't need a medium- travel through electric and magnetic field lines
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pulse
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a single "bump" of a wave
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continuous or periodic wave
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caused by a repetitive oscillation
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amplitude
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maximum displacement from equilibrium
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trough
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negative amplitude - maximum negative displacement from equilibrium
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wavelength
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distance between two repetitive points of a wave
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transverse wave
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motion of particles is perpendicular to motion of wave
think sine graph |
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longitudinal wave
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motion of particles is parallel to motion of wave
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reflection
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wave hits obstacle and goes back to where it came from
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law of reflection
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angle of incidence = angle of reflection
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interferance
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occurs when more than 1 wave passes through the same region of a medium
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principle of superposition
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end result of wave combination is algerbraic sum of individual displacements caused by the waves
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standing wave
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wave appears to be at rest because it is interfering with itself
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nodes
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point of no displacement
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antinodes
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point of maximum displacement
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fundamental frequency
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lowest natural frequency of a standing wave
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overtones
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other natural frequencies
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harmonics
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overtones that are integer multiples of the fundamental
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Refraction
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waves hit an obstacle and are reflected at an angle
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diffraction
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waves bend around obstacles in their path
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pitch
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determined by frequency of a source; how high or low we perceive a source to be
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infrasonic
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less than 20 Hz;
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ultrasonic
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more than 20,000 Hz
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Intensity
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energy transferred per unit area of sound wave
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Beats
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caused by interference patterns of similar frequencies
Beat f = abs (f2-f1) |
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Doppler effect
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result of relative motion between a source of sound and a listener
faster objects moving apart; lower frequency appears |
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Supersonic speed
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faster than sound
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Mach #
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mach 3 = traveling at 3x the speed of sound
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shock wave
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barrier formed by crests of sound waves when object travels faster than the speed of sound
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sound barrier
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same as shock wave; object travels faster than sound and its own piled up sound waves form a barrier
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